Property talk:P227

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GND ID
identifier from the Gemeinsame Normdatei authority file of names, subjects, and organizations

Represents	GND ID (Q54506313)
Associated item	German National Library (Q27302)
Applicable "stated in" value	Integrated Authority File (Q36578)
Has quality	VIAF component (Q26921380)
Data type	External identifier
Corresponding template	Template:GND (Q23719249)
Template parameter	en:Template:Authority control: |GND= – Template:Authority control (Q3907614)
Allowed values	1[0123]?\d{7}[0-9X]|[47]\d{6}-\d|[1-9]\d{0,7}-[0-9X]|3\d{7}[0-9X]
Example	Universe (Q1) → 4079154-3 (RDF) Voltaire (Q9068) → 118627813 (RDF) Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Q5879) → 118540238 (RDF) Jehan Sadat (Q212190) → 118604740 (RDF) Dakar (Q3718) → 4010921-5 (RDF) Slovenian Red Cross (Q12800001) → 1231643-X (RDF) Atelier de Création Radiophonique (Q754069) → not applicable Tomb of the Scipios (Q1540716) → 7505698-7 (RDF) pianist (Q486748) → 4131406-2 (RDF) pianist (Q486748) → 4426550-5 (RDF)
Source	https://portal.dnb.de
Formatter URL	https://d-nb.info/gnd/$1 https://d-nb.info/gnd/$1/about/lds http://d-nb.info/gnd/$1/about/marcxml
Robot and gadget jobs	DeltaBot does the following jobs: <DeltaBot-viaf>
Tracking: differences	Category:GND different on Wikidata (Q55746867)
Tracking: usage	Category:Pages with GND identifiers (Q8709075)
Tracking: local yes, WD no	Category:GND not on Wikidata (Q56825653)
Related to country	Germany (Q183) (See 374 others)
See also	Deutsche Biographie (GND) ID (P7902), Hessian Biography person (GND) ID (P13226), Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank (GND) ID (P8748), Sächsische Biografie ID (P1710), DDB person (GND) ID (P13049), JudaicaLink person (GND) ID (P13183), Kalliope-Verbund (GND) ID (P9964), FID performing arts ID (P10608), CERL Thesaurus ID (P1871), DNB edition ID (P1292), BEACON file URL (P13449)
Lists	Property talk:P227/Conflation Property talk:P227/Constraint violations/Single best value constraint Property talk:P227/Constraint violations/Single best value constraint (humans died before 1851) Property talk:P227/Duplicates Property talk:P227/incorrect identifier value Property talk:P227/human/wanted Items with no other external identifier Items with no other statements Most recently created items Items with novalue claims Items with unknown value claims Items with deprecated claims Usage history (total) Usage history (main statement) Mix'n'match (Report) Mix'n'match (Report) Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P227 Database reports/Constraint violations/P227 Map Random list
Proposal discussion	Proposal discussion
Current uses	Total 4,232,810 Main statement 2,669,591 out of 10,001,538 (27% complete) 63.1% of uses Qualifier 12 <0.1% of uses Reference 1,563,207 36.9% of uses
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Explanations [Edit]

The Integrated Authority File (Q36578) (GND) is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners.

Allowed qualifiers

List of qualifiers

Wikidata qualifier (Q15720608)	entity (Q35120)	Example
subject named as (P1810)	person (Q215627)	Naguib Mahfouz (Q7176): Maḥfūẓ, Naǧīb
subject named as (P1810)	geographical feature (Q618123)	Universe (Q1): Weltall / Kosmos <Begriff>
alternative name (P4970)	person (Q215627)	Édith Piaf (Q1631): Gassion, Edith G.
start time (P580)	geographical feature (Q618123)	Dnipro (Q48256): subject named as (P1810): Jekaterinoslaw (1776)
end time (P582)	corporate body (Q106668099)	Leipzig University (Q154804): subject named as (P1810): Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig (1991)
point in time (P585)	event (Q1656682)	Chaos Communication Congress (Q516804): 2005
subject has role (P2868)	person (Q215627)	Mark Twain (Q7245): subject named as (P1810): Twain, Mark + subject has role (P2868): pseudonym (P742)
subject has role (P2868)	corporate body (Q106668099); more precise: museum (Q33506)	Panorama Mesdag (Q1738414): museum in the Hague
subject has role (P2868)	work (Q386724)	Q110996824: no description
subject has role (P2868)	geographical feature (Q618123)	Tomb of the Scipios (Q1540716): subject named as (P1810): Scipionen-Grab +scope note (P9570): Benutze Kombination: Cornelii Scipiones AND Grab AND Rom + subject has role (P2868): cross-reference (Q1302249)
subject has role (P2868)	topical term (Q65708270)	book publisher (Q1320047): subject named as (P1810): Verlag + subject has role (P2868): quasi-synonym (Q2122467)
subject has role (P2868)	geographical feature (Q618123) corporate body (Q106668099)	Hamburg-Altona station (Q650270): architectural structure (Q811979) Hamburg-Altona station (Q650270): organization (Q43229)
subject has role (P2868)	corporate body (Q106668099)	Upper Alsace (Q1999970). temporary name (Q131095163): Ober-Elsaß
location (P276)	corporate body (Q106668099)	Academic Press (Q2076913): New York / San Diego
sex or gender (P21)	topical term (Q65708270)	pianist (Q486748): male or of unspecified gender / female
scope note (P9570)	topical term (Q65708270)	senator (Q15686806): Auch für Senatoren mit Ministerrang
scope note (P9570)	work (Q386724)	Xenien (Q523255): Goethe
scope note (P9570)	creator of the GND (for help with indentification)	Karl-Heinz Schulze (Q113454903): Datensatz angelegt von DFF - Deutsches Filminstitut & Filmmuseum / filmportal.de [DE-Wi17FP]
identifier shared with (P4070)	topical term (Q65708270)	Orient (Q205653) ≈ Q1947733
reason for deprecated rank (P2241)		refers to different subject (Q28091153) unconfirmed (Q28831311) redirect (Q45403344)
reason for deprecated rank (P2241)	(rare case where GND was accidentally reused)	Alfred Daiber (Q114087670): replacement (Q23009439) → Alfred Daiber (Q15782350)
reason for deprecated rank (P2241)	(should be replace with valid GND)	undifferentiated identifier value (Q68648103)
intended subject of deprecated statement (P8327)		In addition to refers to different subject (Q28091153)

See: property constraint (P2302) = P227#P2302 (P227#P2302)

Sources and abbreviations

• Liste der fachlichen Nachschlagewerke für die Gemeinsame Normdatei

Gadget

To import data from the authority file you can use the gadget GND reveal. You only have to add

importScript( 'User:Magnus Manske/gnd reveal.js' )

to your common.js.

Notes

• Databases to look up the GND: Online-GND (English; German) and DNB-Portal.

• For subject headings the GND uses quasi-synonym (Q2122467) what is useful for libraries but contradicts the concept of Wikidata:
  • publishing company (Q2085381), GND 4063004-3: identifier shared with (P4070): book publisher (Q1320047); publishing industry (Q16023725)

• Error reports
  • Error report on German Wikipedia: de:WP:GND/F
  • List of undifferentiated identifier value (Q68648103): Wikidata:WikiProject Authority control/Tn
  • If a conflation is too complicated to be solved immediately: Property talk:P227/Conflation
  • Wikidata:WikiProject Authority control/Error reporting procedures

• Recording companies and music publishers have yet not been imported into the GND (de:Hilfe:GND#Körperschaften). Instead of GND you can use DNB edition ID (P1292).

Duplicates

Many duplicates result from the merger of the four authority files that were maintained separately until April 2012. They are resolved step-by-step by the German National Library (Q27302) and the other institutions participating in the GND. The duplicate data records from Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei (Q872551) (GKD), Schlagwortnormdatei (Q897080) (SWD) and German Music Archive (Q27901) (DMA) are divided into "winner" and "loser" data records depending on their source authority file. (This source authority file for an ID can be found under "Old identifiers" on the page for an ID on https://explore.gnd.network/en/.)

The rule for merging is: "It will always be merged into the winning data record."

1. corporate body (Q106668099) → GKD data record
2. event (Q1656682) → GKD data record
3. works of music → DMA data record
4. geographical feature (Q618123) → SWD data record

For duplicates: Please mark the "winner" authority file with "preferred" rank (see Help:Ranking). For the "loser" data record the qualifier object of statement has role (P3831)duplicate entry (Q1263068) should be added so that the case is documented.

Examples:

• Supreme Court of the Netherlands (Q133765): Q133765#P227 (former GKD = winner since it's a corporate body (Q106668099))
• Łobez (Q196163): 196163#P227 (former SWD: 1 ID; former GKD: 2 IDs due to different cataloging rules)

BTW: You don't have to stick to the library rules. You can use your own judgment to decide which GND is the best choice for Wikidata.

Lists of possible duplicates: Wikidata:Database reports/Identical GND ID and Property talk:P227/Duplicates

Wikidata Query Service:

• https://w.wiki/FoEQ (Property talk:P227/Subject has role)

Known VIAF/GND problems

VIAF is helpful but also often incorrect, outdated, and is mixing two identifier systems that in some cases produce dead links.

1. Johannes Fabian (Q15641418), VIAF 91414487 merged in January 2014 three GNDs, only one was correct:
   1. GND 107342049: Fabian, Johannes R., undifferentiated
   2. GND 122878310: Fabian, Johannes (* 1937), Amerikan. Anthropologe
   3. GND 172084180: Fabian, Johannes R., Dipl.-Ing.
      • Update: now both Wikidata and VIAF have only one GND
2. VIAF changes numbers with dashes: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Q268072).
   1. GND 1026669-0 (correct)
   2. VIAF-GND 004164695 ("404 Not Found")
3. Same name + same year of birth = different person
   1. In some cases VIAF merges two persons because only one of them has a GND
   2. Please use: GND = "no value" (for the person without a GND) [1]
   3. For items often confused use: different from (P1889)
4. For unknown reasons VIAF is not importing all GND ids
   1. Samuel Ramos (Q7412445) = GND 1022446479 (created 16-05-12)
   2. June 2015: 3 years later the GND id still not harvested by VIAF
      • DNB and VIAF have been made aware of the problem, there might have been a harvesting glitch during the first weeks of the GND going live in April 2012: GND records which never have been touched since then are still unknown to VIAF (as an estimate about 15.000 GND records for persons created in early summer 2012 are not represented in VIAF). [7. Jun. 2015‎ Gymel]
      • Update: GND 1022446479 added to VIAF:59099151 on 2015-07-12.
5. In some cases VIAF clusters get deleted instead of merged
   1. Åke Blomström (Q270863): VIAF 228866914; taken care by KrBot
6. In rare cases VIAF clusters are reused for a different item
   1. William of Ockham (Q43936): VIAF:41835567 in 2015
      1. Lorenzo Guglielmo Traversagni (Q18674108): VIAF:41835567 in 2016
      2. William of Ockham (Q43936): VIAF:262145669298005170004 (created 2016-02-28)
   2. Drew Fudenberg (Q1258707): till 2016-09-25 VIAF:59183378 (now: "First National Bank of Lynn")
7. In the case a conflated VIAF cluster was used for creating an item, see Help:Conflation of two people (Wikidata:VIAF/cluster)

References

Allowed entity types are Wikibase item (Q29934200): the property may only be used on a certain entity type (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Entity types, hourly updated report

Scope is as main value (Q54828448), as reference (Q54828450): the property must be used by specified way only (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Scope, hourly updated report, SPARQL

Format “(1[0123]?\d{7}[0-9X]|[47]\d{6}-\d|[1-9]\d{0,7}-[0-9X]|3\d{7}[0-9X])|”: value must be formatted using this pattern (PCRE syntax). (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Format, hourly updated report, SPARQL

Qualifiers “subject named as (P1810), sex or gender (P21), point in time (P585), start time (P580), end time (P582), location (P276), applies to part (P518), subject has role (P2868), reason for deprecated rank (P2241), alternative name (P4970), mapping relation type (P4390), scope note (P9570), intended subject of deprecated statement (P8327), identifier shared with (P4070), broader concept (P4900), reason for preferred rank (P7452)”: this property should be used only with the listed qualifiers. (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#allowed qualifiers, hourly updated report, SPARQL

Conflicts with “instance of (P31): Wikimedia disambiguation page (Q4167410), Wikimedia list article (Q13406463)”: this property must not be used with the listed properties and values. (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Conflicts with P31, hourly updated report, search, SPARQL

Conflicts with “instance of (P31): Wikimedia category (Q4167836)”: this property must not be used with the listed properties and values. (Help)

List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Conflicts with P31, hourly updated report, search, SPARQL

Single best value: this property generally contains a single value. If there are several, one would have preferred rank (Help)

Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#single best value, SPARQL

Distinct values: this property likely contains a value that is different from all other items. (Help)

Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303). Known exceptions: Q196538, Q912313, Q19786, Q83367, Q302, Q51666, Q695368, Q206587, Q1301203, Q35672, Q1779748, Q15407350, Q15407351, Q20852, Q2293670, Q84, Q23306, Q520867, Q1110145, Q1787342, Q1803227, Q695, Q1588974, Q164256, Q1111292, Q6257, Q1662807, Q1502013, Q2515177, Q414110, Q514802, Q1780615, Q1780476, Q630163, Q1454729, Q152002, Q955464, Q439072, Q841090, Q1360467, Q695316, Q1454727, Q683834, Q864640, Q772835, Q853085, Q116, Q1097498, Q58968, Q381142, Q6256, Q7275, Q179043, Q214518, Q1232145, Q1803430, Q315027, Q1571264, Q329676, Q7380391, Q1803272, Q1787368, Q1305171, Q5261695, Q14756366, Q34497, Q192184, Q151843, Q301751, Q675085, Q1454726, Q17955, Q3059502, Q44352, Q155570, Q1460, Q4951156, Q15608499, Q2456068, Q40, Q533534, Q21010, Q15058181, Q1148511, Q170213, Q7473516, Q1490, Q67996, Q3905364, Q865, Q22502, Q707297, Q17353989, Q637238, Q690821, Q13362, Q693570, Q19831595, Q1206262, Q170390, Q697084, Q5923, Q1803420, Q2839, Q16332967, Q20883, Q20892, Q1396026, Q1787565, Q13344, Q157575, Q20808141, Q429850, Q19311569, Q277759, Q1700470, Q742421, Q2088357, Q41662, Q8867089, Q11634, Q350268, Q321087, Q13165156, Q6877935, Q104602244, Q163446, Q6087062, Q107434788, Q1783171, Q7777494, Q1147752, Q110551885, Q7377, Q192874, Q178, Q877546, Q123168143
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Unique value, SPARQL (every item), SPARQL (by value)

Conflicts with “DNB edition ID (P1292)”: this property must not be used with the listed properties and values. (Help)

Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303). Known exceptions: archINFORM (Q265049)
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Conflicts with P1292, search, SPARQL

Label required in languages: de: Entities using this property should have labels in one of the following languages: de (Help)

Exceptions are possible as rare values may exist. Exceptions can be specified using exception to constraint (P2303).
List of violations of this constraint: Database reports/Constraint violations/P227#Label in 'de' language, search, SPARQL

This property is being used by:

• ar:وحدة:Authority control, ar:قالب:ضبط استنادي
• ca:Mòdul:Authority control
• de:Vorlage:DNB-Portal, de:Vorlage:CPR, de:Vorlage:CorrespSearch, de:Vorlage:Normdaten mit Wikidata-Wartungskategorien, de:Vorlage:Normdaten-WD, de:Vorlage:WestfAutoren, de:Vorlage:DTAA, de:Vorlage:Normdaten, de:Vorlage:NormdatenTemp, de:Vorlage:Personendaten/Test
• en:Module:Authority control, en:Template:Geschichtsquellen Person, en:Template:CorrespSearch, en:Template:Wikidata property tracking
• es:Módulo:Control de autoridades, es:Plantilla:DNB-Portal
• fr:Module:Autorité
• it:Template:Controllo di autorità
• oc:Module:Autoritats, oc:Modèl:Infobox identificacions autoritats
• pl:Moduł:Kontrola autorytatywna
• ru:Шаблон:Нормативный контроль, ru:Шаблон:Портал DNB, ru:Шаблон:CPR, ru:Шаблон:BBLD
• s:fr:Modèle:Autorité
• s:ru:Шаблон:Внешние ссылки
• bar:Vorlog:DNB-Portal, bar:Vorlog:Normdaten
• be-x-old:Шаблён:Бібліяінфармацыя
• bs:Šablon:DNB-Portal
• cs:Šablona:Autoritní data
• eo:Ŝablono:Bibliotekoj
• frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal, frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal sölring, frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal öömrang, frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal fering, frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal/sö, frr:Vorlage:DNB-Portal mooring
• nds:Vörlaag:Normdaten
• no:Mal:DNB-Portal
• sk:Šablóna:Autoritné údaje
• s:sl:Predloga:Avtor
• d:Template:Authority control/wrapper
• ja:Template:DNB-Portal, ja:Template:DTAA
• uk:Шаблон:DNB-Portal
• ast:Plantía:DNB-Portal
• mn:Загвар:DNB-Portal
• gl:Modelo:DNB-Portal
• wikt:de:Vorlage:DNB-Portal, wikt:de:Vorlage:Normdaten
• ku:Şablon:DNB-Portal
• zh-yue:Template:維基數據蘇拉明細
• v:de:Vorlage:Normdaten, v:de:Vorlage:DNB-Portal
• ko:틀:위키데이터 속성 추적
• ug:قېلىپ:ئۇنىۋېرسىتېتنىڭ سىرتقى ئۇلىنىشى
• yue:Template:維基數據蘇拉明細
• s:de:Vorlage:OrtsdatenWD
• gsw:Vorlage:CPR
• tr:Şablon:Geschichtsquellen Person
• az:Şablon:BBLD
• sl:Predloga:DNB-Portal
• wikt:ko:틀:위키데이터 속성 추적
• cv:Шаблон:DNB-Portal
• incubator:Template:Wp/jje/위키데이터 속성 추적

---

Please notify projects that use this property before big changes (renaming, deletion, merge with another property, etc.)

GND ID - type human should not have GND ID containing -
GND ID exists, type is human, GND ID contains - (Help)
Violations query: SELECT ?item ?gndid WHERE { ?item wdt:P227 ?gndid; wdt:P31 wd:Q5. FILTER(REGEX(STR(?gndid), "-")) . }
List of this constraint violations: Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P227#GND ID - type human should not have GND ID containing -

GND ID - type human should have sex
GND ID exists, type is human, sex missing (Help)
Violations query: SELECT ?item ?gndid WHERE { ?item wdtn:P227 ?gndid; wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . MINUS { ?item wdt:P21 [] } } LIMIT 1000
List of this constraint violations: Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P227#GND ID - type human should have sex

GND ID - type human should have VIAF
GND ID exists, type is human, VIAF missing (Help)
Violations query: SELECT ?item ?gndid WHERE { ?item wdtn:P227 ?gndid; wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . MINUS { ?item wdt:P214 [] } } LIMIT 1000
List of this constraint violations: Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P227#GND ID - type human should have VIAF

GND ID - type human should not be instance of a subclass of human
GND ID exists, type is human, is instance of a subclass of human (Help)
Violations query: SELECT ?item ?gndid WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279+ wd:Q5 . ?item wdt:P31 ?type . ?item wdtn:P227 ?gndid . }
List of this constraint violations: Database reports/Complex constraint violations/P227#GND ID - type human should not be instance of a subclass of human

Discussion

Zitat oder Auszug

Hallo @Clemens Dulcis: Wieso hast du quotation or excerpt (P7081) unter „erlaubte Qualifikatoren“ hinzugefügt? Kannst du ein Beispiel nennen? Es gibt bereits den Qualifikator scope note (P9570), der imho diesen Zweck erfüllt. --Kolja21 (talk) 20:34, 23 November 2025 (UTC)

Vielen Dank für die Nachfrage. Ich habe die Ergänzung wieder gelöscht. Das wichtigste Beispiel war Peter Finke (Q1794580). Viele Grüße! -- Clemens Dulcis (talk) 23:04, 23 November 2025 (UTC)

Danke für die schnelle Rückmeldung. Bei Peter Finke (Q1794580): German philosopher of science (born 1942) ist der Verwendungshinweis etwas lang geraten. 1) Der Verwendungshinweis dient in erster Linie zur Definition und Unterscheidung mehrerer Normdatensätze (z.B. beim Begriff Senator: "Auch für Senatoren mit Ministerrang"). Bei einem langen Text ist in der Tat quotation or excerpt (P7081) besser, eingetragen unter der Fundstelle. 2) Reicht die Übernahme der Angaben aus dem Feld "Weitere Angaben" aus. Für "Beziehungen zu Organisationen" gibt es in Wikidata die Eigenschaften employer (P108) und affiliation (P1416). Dort kann man Angaben wie "Professor für Wissenschaftstheorie und Biolinguistik" und "1982-2006" ergänzen und mit der GND als Quelle belegen. --Kolja21 (talk) 23:40, 23 November 2025 (UTC)