Shortcuts: WD:M, WD:MERGEHelp:Hợp nhất
 | 'This page in a nutshell: Khi hợp nhất các khoản mục, hãy chắc chắn tuyệt đối rằng các chủ đề đều giống nhau. Không di chuyển xác nhận quyền sở hữu theo cách thủ công, nếu không chuyển hướng sẽ không được tạo. Hãy hỏi nếu bạn không chắc chắn. |
A merge is performed when two or more items exist in Wikidata on the same topic, concept, or object. A merge is a multistep process, first requiring that the collective data about the items be pooled together in one page (the recipient item), and finally resulting in the redirection of the obsolete page to the recipient item.
Việc hợp nhất có thể được thực hiện tự động hoặc thủ công bằng cách di chuyển sitelinks và statements vào một mục, sau đó redirecting (các) mục lỗi thời. Ưu tiên hợp nhất tự động thông qua tiện ích hợp nhất.
This guide explains how to enable automatic merges by activating the Merge gadget in your preferences and a few secondary methods.
If you have any questions about merging items, feel free to ask them on the Project Chat.
 | Cảnh báo: Wikidata item IDs are designated as persistent identifiers. Therefore, merged items should be redirected. Never reuse merged items for other things. |
Check to be sure
Make sure that the items are indeed about the same topic, concept, or object. There could be subtle differences requiring the existence of two or more items.
Ví dụ
- en:tree → de:Baum (German word for tree)
- Merge?
- Reason: These are about the same thing (tree) and so should be merged into the (multilingual) item, tree (Q10884)
- en:tree → de:Eiche (German word for oak tree)
- Merge?
- Reason: These are different things (oak tree is a "subclass of" tree) and so should remain separate as two items; tree (Q10884) and oak (Q33036816), respectively
- Miller (family name) → Miller (disambiguation page)
- Merge?
- Reason: These are different concepts, even if some Wikipedia articles include family names on disambiguation pages. They should remain separate as two items; Miller (Q1605060) and Miller (Q304896), respectively
If you are unsure (for example, due to difficulty translating different languages), or come across items with sitelinks that appear to be inconsistent, it is best to bring up the problem at interwiki conflicts.
Tự động hợp nhất
Có hai cách để thực hiện hợp nhất một cách tự động: tiện ích Hợp nhất hoặc trang Đặc biệt "Hợp nhất hai khoản mục".
Xin lưu ý rằng mặc dù việc hợp nhất tự động sẽ bị ngăn chặn nếu tìm thấy sự xung đột liên wiki, bạn vẫn phải luôn kiểm tra xem các mục có giống nhau hay không vì các công cụ chỉ thực hiện việc hợp nhất mà bạn chọn để được làm.Đặc biệt:Hợp nhất hai khoản mục có thể giải quyết các xung đột do chuyển hướng.
Tiện ích
Merge.js là một tiện ích được tạo bởi Ebrahim giúp di chuyển liên kết trang, nhãn, mô tả, tên gọi khác và câu lệnh có tham chiếu.
To enable this function, open Preferences, select Gadgets, check the box for Merge and hit the Save button. To use it, open either the recipient or obsolete item, go to the drop-down menu in the top bar (in the default skin, it is to the left of "Search"), select "Merge with...", and enter the ID of the other item into the merge wizard. Click on "Merge" when done.
Đặc biệt:Hợp nhất hai khoản mục
Special:MergeItems can be used to trigger a merge of two items where all labels, descriptions, aliases, sitelinks and statements are moved. Enter the Q#### (not item label) in the fields specifying which is the recipient item ("The ID to merge to") and which is the obsolete item ("The ID to merge from").
If you need assistance with the special page, please use Wikidata:Project chat.
Đặc biệt:Hợp nhất hai từ vị
Special:MergeLexemes can be used to trigger a merge of two lexemes if (only if) the lemma, the language and the lexical category are identical. If one of them isn't identical, it may be that this can be corrected first.
Enter the L#### in the fields specifying which is the recipient lexeme ("The ID to merge to") and which is the obsolete lexeme ("The id to merge from").
QuickStatements
The QuickStatements 2 (Q29032512) tool, and its predecessor, QuickStatements (Q20084080) allow users to merge a series of items. See the instructions.
Đánh dấu là trùng lặp
Nếu như hai khoản mục không thể hợp nhất do có hai bài viết khác nhau tại Wikipedia, thì chúng có thể được đánh dấu để hợp nhất bằng công cụ markasduplicate.js.
The script also adds instance of (P31) = Wikimedia duplicated page (Q17362920) to the redundant item.
Hợp nhất thủ công: từng bước một
Các bước hợp nhất thủ công (thường thì hợp nhất tự động được ưu tiên sử dụng) |
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Select recipient itemOnce it has been decided that two or more items should be merged, one item will be selected to be the recipient item (i.e. the item you are merging to) for sitelinks and statements. The recipient item is usually the item that is used more often (possible indicators are the quality of sitelinks or the number of sitelinks and statements). When in doubt, it's best to choose the item with the lowest Q####, as it will be the older item (meaning the one created before the others). Move sitelinksSitelinks can be moved manually from one item to another by first removing the link(s) from the obsolete item(s) (i.e. the item(s) you are merging from), and then adding it to the recipient item. If you try to add the sitelink to the recipient item before removing it from the obsolete item(s), there will be a conflict. There is a gadget in your preferences called Move that gives users the ability to move sitelinks quickly. Once the gadget is enabled, go to the obsolete item, click the icon next to the sitelink you wish to move, then input the Q#### of the recipient item. Move label and descriptionCorrect labels, descriptions and aliases that are present in the obsolete item, but not present in the recipient item, should simply be added to the recipient item. If a different label is already present, you can add the label of the obsolete item as an alias. To check which labels, descriptions and aliases are present in various languages, it is advisable to turn on the labelLister gadget in your preferences. To activate the labelLister gadget for a given item, click on the "Label List" tab at the top right of the item page. Upon clicking on it, you will see a pop-up with a list of all labels, descriptions, and aliases available by language code. The autoEdit gadget (also under preferences) can in some cases be used to generate new labels and descriptions for the recipient item, which may be easier than moving them from the obsolete item. Once activated, the gadget will appear in the left sidebar menu under "Tools" with the label "Automatic addition."    Move statementsCorrect statements that are present in the obsolete item, but not present in the recipient item, should simply be added to the recipient item. Be sure not to add statements that are already present but keep in mind that it's possible to add multiple values to one property in Wikidata.
Create redirectOnce all the sitelinks, properties, labels, and descriptions have been moved and copied over to the recipient item, the obsolete item can then be redirected. The Merge gadget provides the easiest way to do this. Redirects can also be created using Special:RedirectEntity. Furthermore, User:PLbot will create redirects for all merged items which are not redirected yet (Task 10). |
Items to be merged with sitelink conflicts
If there is a sitelink conflict, items can't be merged as only one link per site is possible.
Until the two pages at the site (e.g. articles at English language Wikipedia) are merged, two items have to be kept at Wikidata.
- One of the two items should be marked with instance of (P31)Wikimedia duplicated page (Q17362920) and qualifier of (P642)the other (main) item. Usually the more recent item should be marked. Wikidata:Database reports/Identified duplicates lists all such items.
- Statements, other sitelinks and labels/descriptions can be moved from the redundant item to the main item.
- Once the articles at the site are merged, the two items can be merged and instance of (P31)Wikimedia duplicated page (Q17362920) deleted.
Note the tool Mark as duplicate above.
If the sitelink conflict is due to an article and a redirect pointing to the same article, the redirect can be removed and the items merged.
Dealing with items where both have a Wikipedia link to the same Wikipedia
A Wikidata item can only have one Wikipedia link so it's not possible to re-add both links after merging. If one link is to a redirect and the other is to a proper Wikipedia article, then remove the link to the redirect and merge. If, however, both links are to proper Wikipedia articles, you should not leave any of those Wikipedia articles without a linked Wikidata item. Sometimes that means moving the Wikipedia link to a more appropriate item. Other times it means asking in Wikipedia for the articles to be merged when they are duplicates. If Wikipedia doesn't merge their articles, we don't merge the items here on Wikidata.
Finding items to merge
Now that you know how to merge, you can make use of your new skill at various places on Wikidata where potential duplicates are found/listed. These places include:
- Wikimedia tool which has gamified the merging process, offering candidate pages to potentially be merged by the user
User:Ivan A. Krestinin/To merge
- lists of merge candidates based on similar page title strings
- lists of merge candidates based on sitelink names being identical
- lists of merge candidates based on values of a property being same in two items
- finds items containing only one sitelink to a Wikimedia site (which therefore may need to be merged with other items linked to different Wikimedia language versions of the same page)
- lists items in a given category that are linked to articles in Wikipedia A but not in Wikipedia B
- summary of constraint violations for properties; in particular, "Unique value" violations may indicate a duplication
- list of items having at least one sitelink which is due to a bug used in another item
Wikidata:Database reports/identical birth and death dates
- based on date of birth (P569) and date of death (P570)
Wikidata:Database reports/Identified duplicates
- items with Wikimedia duplicated page (Q17362920) waiting for Wikipedia to merge
Wikidata:VIAF/cluster/linking to multiple Wikidata items
- items which, according to VIAF (see VIAF ID (P214)), are related to the same person - VIAF may sometimes be wrong
Other pages and projects in the Category:Merge candidates
Feel free to add any more useful pages or delete ones that are not actively updated!
Unmerging
Canceling a wrong merge could be done in a few steps:
- Go to the history page of the item onto which the merge has been done and restore the revision just before the merge.
- Go to the history page of the merged item and restore the revision just before the merge.
The order is important (especially if the item has sitelinks) because articles can be linked to at most one item. So they should first be deleted on the item which got all the linked before they could be restored on the other one.
Some bots (KrBot for example) are known to replace the redirected items in statements with their target redirects a certain period of time (24 hours for KrBot) after the merge. The next step is to ping bot owners (like Ivan A. Krestinin) so they can run the code to cancel the merge if that period of time passed and some bot did the substitution, so that the statements can be restored with the right item. KrBot creates edit groups when fixing redirects, which may be reverted en masse using the EditGroups tool.
On a closely related topic, the help page Help:Split an item will help you if the item has not been merged but if statements on two topics are mixed-up on a unique item for some reason. It has guidelines on how to divide the statements on two items without re-entering the information by hand.
Xem thêm
- Help talk:Merge, để đề xuất hoặc yêu cầu hợp nhất
Đối với các trang Trợ giúp liên quan, hãy xem:
- Help:Deduplication
- Help:Conflation of two people
- Help:Sitelinks, giải thích các sitelinks là gì và những quy tắc phải tuân thủ
- Wikidata:Interwiki conflicts, để báo cáo xung đột giữa các wiki
- Wikidata:Requests for deletions, cho việc đề cử các mục để xóa
- Wikidata:Tools, các công cụ có sẵn để làm việc trên Wikidata
Để biết thêm thông tin và hướng dẫn, hãy xem:
- Project chat, for discussing all and any aspects of Wikidata
- Wikidata:Glossary, the glossary of terms used in this and other Help pages
- Help:FAQ, frequently asked questions asked and answered by the Wikidata community
- Help:Contents, the Help portal featuring all the documentation available for Wikidata