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لقطة شاشة من ويكي بيانات - خانة التسمية محددة

التسمية هي الاسم الأكثر شيوعا التي يعرف العنصر بها، لا تحتاج التسمية لأن تكون فريدة، حيث يمكن استخدام نفس التسمية للعديد من العناصر، ومع ذلك لا يمكن استخدام نفس التسمية لعانصر تستخدم نفس الوصف.

لا يوجد أي متطلب أن تكون تسمية العنصر مساوية للتسمية المقابلة على مشاريع ويكيميديا الشقيقة. وتوجد حالات متعددة موضحة أدناه يحبذ بها استخدام تسمية مختلفة. الأمثلة أدناه هي أمثلة عامة. وبالرغم من أن هذه الأمثلة تهدف للإرشاد حول معظم الحالات، إلا أنها ليست قوانين صارمة يجب تطبيقها في جميع الحالات. في حالة وجود سبب أو تبرير مقنع، يسمح بتجاوز هذه الإرشادات.

كان من الواضح منذ تأسيس موقع ويكي بيانات أن هناك من سيقوم بالمحاولة لتغير المعلومات الواردة هنا من تسميات وأوصاف ومعايير بياناتية إلى ما يناسبهم ويناسب وجهة نظرهم حصراً. ويكي بيانات ليست منتدى لنشر الأراء الشخصية ويجب أن يحاول المستخدم بأقصى قدر ممكن أن يظهر المعلومات بشكل دقيق وحيادي. الحروب التحريرية حول التسميات هي أمر مرفوض وغير مقبول أبداً.

لاحظ أن كل عنصر لديه تسميات مختلفة بحسب اللغات. ولا يتوجب بالضرورة أن تتشابه التسميات بين اللغات فيما بعضها (مثال: يمكنك كتابة الاسم الثنائي لشخص بلغتك بالرغم أن لغة أخرى تكتب الاسم ثلاثي أو تكتب اسم الشهر بدلاً من الاسم الحقيقي). إضافة بيانات في خانة الكنية تعني أن العنصر لديه تسميات أخرى بنفس اللغة. لو كان هناك شيء مميز حول اسم معين، فإن هذا الاسم يجب إضافته في كائن بياناتي بجانب وجوده في التسمية للعنصر. لا تقلق إن كان هذا الفعل يعطيك أن المعلومة يتم تكرارها مرتين فويكي بيانات قاعدة بيانات شاملة بها خصائص مختلفة للأسماء. (الاسم الأول، الاسم الأخير، الاسم عند الولادة، إلخ..)

مبادئ عامة[edit]

يمكن أن تكون التسميات غامضة[edit]

يمكن أن يكون هناك عناصر مختلفة بنفس التسمية

As stated above, a label does not have have to be unique. Descriptions add to items being distinguishable.

أمثلة:

تعكس الاستعمال الشائع[edit]

Because the aim is to use the name that an item would be known by to the most readers, labels should reflect common usage. When it comes to scientific names, for example, of a species, labels should use a species' common name, however items must always also have the scientific name listed as Alias. If a species has several common names, a reasonable effort should be made to determine which of them is the most commonly used, e.g. by consulting references. The other names should be placed in the alias field along with the scientific name. If a species does not have a common name, the scientific name can be used as the label. Note that individual breeds do not have scientific names. Every breed of dog, from the Siberian Husky to the Chihuahua, is part of the species Canis lupus familiaris.

أمثلة:
  • The label of common sunflower (Q171497) is the common name, while the scientific name (Helianthus annuus) is featured as an alias.
  • Multiple common names exist for association football (Q2736). The most common name is picked for the label while the other ones are listed as aliases.

Wikimedia page title may give orientation[edit]

To figure out the most common name, it is good practice to consult the corresponding Wikimedia project page (for example, the title of a Wikipedia article). In many cases, the best label for an item will either be the title of the corresponding page on a Wikimedia project or a variation of that title. There are a few pitfalls to be aware of.

Disambiguation information belongs in the description[edit]

When a page title includes disambiguation, either through commas or parentheses, the disambiguation should not be included in the Wikidata label. Disambiguation information should instead be part of the description. For example, the Wikipedia article for London, Ontario has the label London (Q92561) and the description "city in Ontario, Canada" on Wikidata. The Wikipedia article Michael Jackson (writer) corresponds to Michael Jackson (Q167877) with the description "English writer and journalist". Neither this rule should be watched with too much zeal. New York is probably the best label for a state on the American east coast, even if "New" originally was a kind of disambiguation. "(6415) 1993 VR3" is the official designation of an asteroid. The parentheses is here not a disambiguation. The parenthesis of "Hemsjö (norra delen)" is a part of the designation Statistics Sweden has assigned this entity. And the commas in "Edshult, Hulskog, Lida och Bäck", a group of villages in Sweden, can neither be regarded as a disambiguation.

Drop dates unless significantly important[edit]

Depending on the specific case, dates either should or should not be left in the label. For cases where the date is of significant importance, including regularly scheduled sporting events (2006 NBA Finals (Q170590), Switzerland at the 2008 Summer Olympics (Q128127)), annual seasons or time periods (1992 Atlantic hurricane season (Q170613), 2008–09 FC Barcelona season (Q170605)), or events where the date is part of the common name (Great Blizzard of 1888 (Q170652)), the date should be included in the label. If the date is incidental, it should not be included.

Follow Wikimedia namespace conventions[edit]

Wikimedia sites can contain several types of pages that are found outside of the main namespace (for example, non-article pages in Wikipedia). These include templates, category pages, help pages, and Special pages. If a page normally displays on a Wikimedia site with a namespace in front of it, you should keep that namespace in the label. If the label begins with "Wikipedia:", "Category:", "Template:", or "MediaWiki:" you should also include the page title without "Wikipedia:", "Category:", "Template:", or "MediaWiki:" as an alias if the namespace exists in Wikidata. This is important because Wikidata includes some of the same namespaces as other Wikimedia sites and consequently the Wikidata search will not function properly when trying to search for an item with a label that begins with an existing namespace on Wikidata. For a list of namespaces in Wikidata, see here.

أمثلة:
تسمية: Wikipedia:Blocking policy
Alias(es): Blocking policy
تسمية: Portal:History
Alias(es):
Wikidata does not have a "Portal" namespace. Consequently, adding "History" as an alias is not needed.

التسميات بالعربية[edit]

رسملة[edit]

Labels begin with a lowercase letter except for when uppercase is normally required or expected. Essentially, you should pretend that the label is appearing in the middle of a normal sentence, and then follow normal language rules. Most terms would not be capitalized if they appeared in the middle of a sentence, however proper nouns such as the names of specific people, specific places, specific buildings, specific books, etc., should be capitalized. In the rare case that something intentionally breaks capitalization rules, the capitalization on Wikidata should reflect this, and not try and correct it.

أمثلة:

Wikipedia article: Rabbit
تسمية: rabbit
A rabbit is not a proper noun, so the first letter is lower case.

Wikipedia article: The Velveteen Rabbit
تسمية: The Velveteen Rabbit
The Velveteen Rabbit is the name of a book, so the letters that are capitalized in the title of the book are capitalized in the Wikidata label.

Wikipedia article: Xkcd
تسمية: xkcd
xkcd is a webcomic that intentionally fails to capitalize the first letter, despite being a proper noun. Wikidata reflects this by also not capitalizing the first letter.

الخطوط والحروف[edit]

Wikidata does not support italics in labels. Descriptions and aliases also do not support italics. At this time the development team has indicated that they have no intention of adding that feature. If an item is normally written using italics, for example if the object being described were the title of a book, simply omit the italics. The description should provide enough information about it for people to know it is a book title.

Wikidata also does not support subscript or superscript. There is an ongoing discussion on the use of Unicode characters, which could, in many cases, be used as a substitution for subscript. If unicode characters are used in the label, an alias should also be created using standard characters.

أمثلة:

Wikipedia article: H2O: Just Add Water
تسمية: H₂O: Just Add Water
Wikidata aliases: H₂O, H20, H2O: Just Add Water, H2O (TV series)

Wikipedia article: The Velveteen Rabbit
تسمية: The Velveteen Rabbit
Wikidata description: children's novel

عناصر بدون صفحات على مواقع ويكيمديا[edit]

Even if an item does not have a page on English Wikipedia, or any other English Wikimedia site, there are instances when that item should still have an English label and description on Wikidata. When creating a label for an item with no English Wikipedia page, the following five step procedure should be adopted :

1) If the item has a name that it is commonly referred to in English, or a translation or transliteration that is commonly used already, then that should be used.
2) If the item is a proper noun that has an article on a Wikipedia from another language using a Latin-derived alphabet, then that should be used.
3) If the item is a proper noun that does not have an article on a Wikipedia from another language using a Latin-derived alphabet, use the most widely accepted transliteration method to convert the title into English characters. You should always transliterate using the language that the item was first named in. Therefore if you have an article on a town in South Korea and there are Wikipedia articles in Korean, Chinese, and Japanese, you should transliterate from Korean. Google Translate automatically does transliteration for many common languages; the transliteration appears in grey text directly below the blue box that you input text into. Do not use this method for items that are not proper nouns.
4) If the item is not a proper noun and you feel confident in your level of familiarity with an item's native language, you can attempt to do the translation or transliteration yourself.
5) If the item is not a proper noun and you do not feel confident in your level of familiarity with an item's native language, leave it for someone else.

أمثلة:

Wikipedia article: None
تسمية: Robin Swinkels
Robin Swinkels doesn't have an article in English Wikipedia, however he does have one in Polish and Dutch, which use the same alphabet as English. Since his name is a proper noun, it won't change from one Latin-derived alphabet to another, so we can use it as is.

التسميات باللغات الأخرى[edit]

Every language within Wikidata can have its own guidelines. When in doubt refer to the version of this page in the respective language.

طالع أيضاً[edit]

بالنسبة إلى صفحات المساعدة ذات الصلة، راجع:

  • Help:Items، وهو ما يفسر ما هي البنود وما هي القواعد التي يتبعونها.
  • Help:Aliases، وهو ما يفسر ما هي الأسماء المستعارة وما هي القواعد التي يتبعونها.
  • Help:Description، مما يفسر ما هي الأوصاف وما هي القواعد التي يتبعونها.

للحصول على معلومات وإرشادات إضافية، راجع:

  • دردشة المشروع: لمناقشة كل شيء وبأي جانب من جوانب ويكي بيانات
  • Wikidata:Glossary: للمصطلحات المستخدمة في صفحة المساعدة هذه وصفحات المساعدة الأخرى
  • Help:FAQ: الأسئلة المتداولة والإجابة عليها من قبل مجتمع ويكي بيانات
  • Help:Contents: بوابة المساعدة التي تضم جميع الوثائق المتاحة في ويكي بيانات
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