幫助:屬性

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This page is a translated version of the page Help:Properties and the translation is 41% complete.
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This page is a work in progress, not an article or policy, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.
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一个简单的声明示例，包含了一项属性—值对

属性描述一项声明的数据值并可以被视作数据的类别，比如“颜色”属性可以有一个“蓝色”的数据值。当属性和值配对时，就形成了维基数据的一项声明声明。属性也可以用在限定符中。

维基数据目前有11,862个属性。

属性在Wikidata上有自己的页面，并与项目连接，从而形成链接的数据结构。

瞭解屬性

Properties are similar to items in a couple of ways. Like items, each property has a label, a description, and even an alias or aliases that can be added in multiple languages. Properties also have statements that help to more completely describe the property, including constraints on how the property can be used.

P106 for English, French, and Polish
Label Description Alias
occupation occupation of a person profession; job; work; career
profession métier ou occupation d'une personne métier; occupation
zawód zawód osoby, zobacz także "dziedzina" (none yet added)

However, properties do not have a section on their pages for sitelinks to other Wikimedia projects, and they also do not have external identifiers.

Each property has a data type which defines the kind of values allowed in statements with that property.

Properties aim to relate one type of entity with another type. The type of item a property should be used on is called its domain (Q112036279) and can be enforced using a subject type constraint (Q21503250). If the data type of an item is an Item, than the type of item that should be the value of the property is called is range (Q112036270) and can be enforced using a value-type constraint (Q21510865). If the data type is not an Item, the type of a value a property has can be specified with class of non-item property value (P10726).

与项目一样，属性也具有唯一的标识符。 虽然项目以Q前缀开头并在Wikidata的主命名空间中找到，但是属性具有P前缀并存储在属性命名空间中。

尋找屬性

Properties can be suggested at respective classes using properties for this type (P1963). E.g. organization (Q43229) will list all properties relevant to any organization.

See Statistics for additional summaries of existing properties.

Search

Several external tools exist to list properties, for instance:

Lists

創建屬性

Main page: Wikidata:Property creation

在新属性创建前，必须首先在維基數據:屬性提議经过讨论和记录。在有一定支持且较少反对后，属性就被属性创建员或管理员建立（参见属性创建员列表）。创建后，相关的讨论记录会被移动到属性的讨论页下，并在那里被持续讨论。

在提议属性时，请记住，每个属性至少应使用100个项目； 如果提议的属性无法多次使用，则可能不应将其添加到Wikidata中（当然，此规则也有例外）。

To propose a property, click here and choose a topic category. Click the blue button "Create request page" and then fill out the provided template with as much information as possible. Make sure to include a possible property name in English (this will be the label), a description, the data type, examples of the type of item that may bear the property, and an example of how the property would be used. Don't worry about getting everything right the first time; that's what the discussion process is for.

If you are interested in being involved at the property proposal level for a specific subject matter, consider joining or creating a WikiProject, a group of contributors who want to work together to improve a particular aspect of Wikidata. These groups often focus on how to best represent the data for a particular area of knowledge.

关于更多属性创建员的信息，请参见维基数据:属性创建员#申请这个权限。要申请成为属性创建员，请访问Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights#Property creator。

編輯屬性

Property entities can be edited like item entities with labels, descriptions, aliases, and statements.

Property labels should be as unambiguous as possible so that it is clear to a user which property is the correct one to use when editing items and adding statements. Properties rarely refer to commonly known concepts but they are more constructs of the Wikidata with specific meanings. Unlike items, property labels must be unique.

Property descriptions are less relevant for disambiguation but they should provide enough information about the scope and context of the property so that users understand appropriate usage of the property without having to consult additional help.

Property aliases should include all alternative ways of referring to the property.

Example:

property: P161
label: cast member
description: actor performing live for a camera or audience
aliases: film starring; actor; actress; starring

Label, description, and aliases of a property are first discussed by the community during the property proposal process. Major changes to a property should be discussed on its talk page first.

See Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype for changing the datatype of a property.

刪除屬性

如果你認為一個屬性應该從維基數據中刪除 (例如，這是一個與其它已有的屬性重覆的屬性)，您需要发起删除请求。请根据屬性刪除請求的步骤来发起申请。

使用屬性

Wikidata relies on consistency. For instance, all persons should have common properties whenever possible, whether they are politicians, artists or scientists, living or historical, fictional or not. If you are unsure whether the property you are using is most appropriate for the statement, consult the property's discussion page or ask on Wikidata:Project chat. An automatically generated list of properties currently supported by Wikidata can be found at here. Community-maintained lists can also be found at Wikidata:List of properties.

Property constraints

See Help:Property constraints portal.

Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies

Wikidata does not support automatic bidirectional links (phabricator:T51165), so some properties need to be added and maintained twice. If, for example, A is a child of B on A's item page, the relation B as the parent of A also needs to be maintained on B's item page.

In general, only simple hierarchical properties should be recorded as statements. For example, record properties like child (P40)–father (P22) and/or mother (P25), but not properties like grandchild–grandparent, niece–aunt, niece–uncle, etc. Such additional relationships can be derived from the existing data.

Property misuse

Every Wikidata property is intended for a specific purpose. When a Wikidata property is used in a way that goes against the consensus of how the property is meant to be used, we speak of property misuse. Wikidata attempts to combat property misuse with property constraints and entity schemas. If a property is misused because there doesn't exist any good alternative property, a new property may be proposed.

常見問題

Please see Help:Frequently used properties for guidelines and examples of using properties related to scientific taxonomies, administrative divisions, sources, Wikimedia Commons files, and more.

參見

For related Help pages, see:

  • Help:Statements, which explains what statements are and what rules they follow
  • Help:Qualifiers, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow
  • Help:Items, which explains what items are and what rules they follow

For additional information and guidance, see:

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