幫手:屬性

This page is a translated version of the page Help:Properties and the translation is 27% complete.

This page is a work in progress, not an article or policy, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.
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This page in a nutshell:

啲屬性描述個條款啲數據價值
屬性好似某啲物件, 有佢哋自己喺維基數據嘅獨特事頁
屬性唔係好似某啲物件, 梗係要由建立咗嘅維基社群嚟進行首次嘅批核

由一個屬性值對組成嘅簡單語句嘅示例

屬性描述語句嘅數據值，可以將其視為數據類別，例如，數據值“blue”嘅“color”。屬性同值配對嗰陣，喺維基數據入面形成咗陳述。屬性亦都用埋喺預選賽。

維基數據目前擁有咗11,862屬性。

屬性喺維基數據上有自己嘅頁面，並連接到項目，從而形成咗連結嘅數據結構。

理解項目

屬性喺幾個方面同項目相似。同項目一樣，每個屬性都有一個標籤、一個說明，甚至仲有個別名，可以用多種語言嚟添加。屬性仲具有有助於更完整噉描述屬性嘅語句，包括有關點樣使用屬性嘅限制條件。

P106 for English, French, and Polish
Label	Description	Alias
occupation	occupation of a person	profession; job; work; career
profession	métier ou occupation d'une personne	métier; occupation
zawód	zawód osoby, zobacz także "dziedzina"	(none yet added)

但係, 媒體資源嘅頁面上冇指向其他維基媒體項目嘅附加連結部分，亦都冇埋外部標識符。

每個屬性都有一個數據類型，佢哋嘅定義具有該屬性嘅語句入面允許嘅值類型。

屬性旨在將一種類型嘅實體同另一種類型嘅實體相關聯埋一齊。使用得嘅屬性嘅項目類型稱為其domain (Q112036279)，可以使用埋subject type constraint (Q21503250)。如果項目嘅數據類型係Item，則應該為屬性值嘅項嘅類型為range (Q112036270)，可以使用value-type constraint (Q21510865)。如果數據類型唔係Item(物品)，則可以另外噉使用class of non-item property value (P10726)。

同項目一樣，屬性亦具有咗唯一標識符。雖然項目以Q前綴開頭，位於維基數據嘅主命名空間入面，但屬性具有P前綴並存儲晒喺屬性命名空間入面。

Finding properties

Properties can be suggested at respective classes using properties for this type (P1963). E.g. organization (Q43229) will list all properties relevant to any organization.

See Statistics for additional summaries of existing properties.

Search

Search

Several external tools exist to list properties, for instance:

Wikidata Property Explorer

Lists

Special:AllPages/Property: (List by alphabetically sorted number)
Special:ListProperties + Get a list of properties by data type
Wikidata:List of properties
Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/Top100
Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all
Template:Property lists

Creating properties

Before a new property is created, it has to be discussed and documented at Wikidata:Property proposal first. When after some time there are some supporters, but no or very few opponents, the property is created by a property creator or an administrator (see List of property creators). After creation, relevant documentation is moved to the corresponding property's talk page, where usage of the property is further discussed.

When proposing properties, keep in mind that each property should be expected to be used by at least 100 items; if a proposed property cannot be used this many times, it likely should not be added to Wikidata (of course, there are exceptions to this rule).

To propose a property, click here and choose a topic category. Click the blue button "Create request page" and then fill out the provided template with as much information as possible. Make sure to include a possible property name in English (this will be the label), a description, the data type, examples of the type of item that may bear the property, and an example of how the property would be used. Don't worry about getting everything right the first time; that's what the discussion process is for.

If you are interested in being involved at the property proposal level for a specific subject matter, consider joining or creating a WikiProject, a group of contributors who want to work together to improve a particular aspect of Wikidata. These groups often focus on how to best represent the data for a particular area of knowledge.

For more information on the property creator role, see Wikidata:Property creators#Requesting this right. To request the userright, visit Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights#Property creator.

Editing properties

Warning: You need to be confirmed or autoconfirmed to edit properties.

Property entities can be edited like item entities with labels, descriptions, aliases, and statements.

Property labels should be as unambiguous as possible so that it is clear to a user which property is the correct one to use when editing items and adding statements. Properties rarely refer to commonly known concepts but they are more constructs of the Wikidata with specific meanings. Unlike items, property labels must be unique.

Property descriptions are less relevant for disambiguation but they should provide enough information about the scope and context of the property so that users understand appropriate usage of the property without having to consult additional help.

Property aliases should include all alternative ways of referring to the property.

Example:

property: P161

label: cast member

description: actor performing live for a camera or audience

aliases: film starring; actor; actress; starring

Label, description, and aliases of a property are first discussed by the community during the property proposal process. Major changes to a property should be discussed on its talk page first.

See Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype for changing the datatype of a property.

Deleting properties

If you think a property should be removed from Wikidata (for example, if is a duplicate of another property in use), you will have to make a request for its deletion. To do so, follow the steps listed at Wikidata:Properties for deletion.

Using properties

Wikidata relies on consistency. For instance, all persons should have common properties whenever possible, whether they are politicians, artists or scientists, living or historical, fictional or not. If you are unsure whether the property you are using is most appropriate for the statement, consult the property's discussion page or ask on Wikidata:Project chat. An automatically generated list of properties currently supported by Wikidata can be found at here. Community-maintained lists can also be found at Wikidata:List of properties.

Property constraints

See Help:Property constraints portal.

Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies

Wikidata does not support automatic bidirectional links (phabricator:T51165), so some properties need to be added and maintained twice. If, for example, A is a child of B on A's item page, the relation B as the parent of A also needs to be maintained on B's item page.

In general, only simple hierarchical properties should be recorded as statements. For example, record properties like child (P40)–father (P22) and/or mother (P25), but not properties like grandchild–grandparent, niece–aunt, niece–uncle, etc. Such additional relationships can be derived from the existing data.

Property misuse

Every Wikidata property is intended for a specific purpose. When a Wikidata property is used in a way that goes against the consensus of how the property is meant to be used, we speak of property misuse. Wikidata attempts to combat property misuse with property constraints and entity schemas. If a property is misused because there doesn't exist any good alternative property, a new property may be proposed.

Frequently used properties

Please see Help:Frequently used properties for guidelines and examples of using properties related to scientific taxonomies, administrative divisions, sources, Wikimedia Commons files, and more.