Wikidata:Types of part-whole relations
This article describes some types of part-whole relationships.
Properties[edit]
These are some properties that differentiate the types of part-whole relations:
- Configurational: "whether or not the parts bear a particular functional or structural relationship to one another or to the object they constitute"[1]
- Functional: "Parts are/are not in a specific spatial/temporal position with respect to each other which supports their functional role with respect to the whole"[2]
- Homeomerous: Whether the parts are the same type as their whole[2][1]
- Invariance[1]/Seperable[2]: Whether the parts can be separated from the whole without changing the whole
Types[edit]
Component-integral object[1][2][3][4][edit]
Example: A pedal is part of a bike.
Subtypes:
- Physical: A pedal is part of a bike.
- Abstract: Algebra is part of math
Wikidata properties: part of (P361)/has part(s) (P527)
Properties[edit]
Member-bunch[1], Member/Collection[2][4], Membership[3][edit]
Examples: If Rock and Roll Hall of Famehas partThe Beatles and The Beatleshas partJohn Lennon, that doesn't mean Rock and Roll Hall of Famehas partJohn Lennon (it's not transitive).
Wikidata properties: has part(s) (P527)/member of (P463)
Properties[edit]
Member-partnership[1][edit]
Example: "Bonnie" and "Clyde" are part of "Bonnie and Clyde"
Wikidata properties: has part(s) (P527)/member of (P463)
Properties[edit]
Material-object[1], Stuff/Object[2][4], Constituents[3][edit]
Examples: A windshield is made of glass. A cappuccino is partly milk. Water is partly oxygen.
Considerations: Determining whether something follows a component-integral object or material-object relationship can subjective.
Wikidata properties: made from material (P186)
Properties[edit]
Portion-object[1], Portion/Mass[2][4][edit]
Example: A slice of pie is part of a pie.
Wikidata properties: part of (P361)/has part(s) (P527)
Properties[edit]
Place-area[1][2][4][edit]
Examples: San Francisco is part of California. A sand bar is part of a beach.
Wikidata properties: location (P276)
Properties[edit]
Feature-activity[2][4][edit]
Examples: Paying is part of shopping. Dating is part of adolescence.
Wikidata properties: part of (P361)/has part(s) (P527)
Properties[edit]
Not part-whole relationships[edit]
These types of relationships may be confused to be part-whole relationships but they are not.
Containment[3], Topological inclusion[1][edit]
Example: If something is inside a room, that doesn't mean it's part of it.
Wikidata properties: contains (P4330)/container (P9813), enclosure (P3158)
Connections and branches[3][edit]
Example: Just because the Mississippi River connects to the Gulf of Mexico and shares a body of water with it does not mean it is a part of it.
Wikidata properties: connects with (P2789), tributary (P974)
Classification inclusion[1], subclassOf[3][edit]
Example: A book is part of the set of all books, but that doesn't mean it is part of a "book". We use instance of (P31) instead.
Wikidata property: subclass of (P279), instance of (P31)
Discussions[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 Six Different Kinds of Composition https://www.conradbock.org/compkind.html
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 A Taxonomy of Part-Whole Relations https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1207/s15516709cog1104_2
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Simple part-whole relations in OWL Ontologies https://www.w3.org/2001/sw/BestPractices/OEP/SimplePartWhole/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Part-whole relations in object-centered systems: An overview https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169023X96000134