维基数据:外部标识符
外部标识符是体现了某一外部系统（数据库、规范控制文件、在线百科全书等）中的标识符的字符串。如果定义有formatter URL (P1630)，在维基数据中将会显示为一个外部链接。
简介
维基数据项中的外部标识符链接指向有关此数据项的数据库、规范控制文件或在线百科全书文章。将数据与外部数据源链接对维基数据来说有许多好处：
- 数据品质：与其他的普通或学术来源交叉检查陈述
- Data completion: adding info like nationality, occupation, birth/death date/place from the external database
- 识别到缺失的有价值数据项：通过与其他数据库比较维基数据
- 推广和鼓励使用维基数据：可以向外部数据库的维护者告知维基数据正在使用其ID，对方可以丰富维基数据以及自身数据（另见Q24075706）
- 支持姊妹项目：例如为维基百科提供参考资料、进一步信息的链接等
Wikidata External Identifier properties should have dedicated items to represent their values[1] and they should link to those using class of non-item property value (P10726).
External identifier items
An item should be created representing an external identifier as a class for the values that are values of the external identifier property.[1]
For example, the value of YouTube video ID (P1651) for Thank U, Next (Q60231842), "gl1aHhXnN1k", would be aninstance of (P31)YouTube video ID (Q110851517). Therefore YouTube video ID (Q110851517) would be the "external identifier item".
This is done so that the facts about the external identifier itself can be correctly described on the external identifier class such as who issued it with issued by (P2378) and how many of it exists with quantity (P1114).
The external identifier property is then linked to the external identifier item using class of non-item property value (P10726).
Properties
| Property | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| instance of (P31) | Type of identifier | unique identifier (Q6545185) |
| Wikidata property (P1687) | The property for this identifier | |
| issued by (P2378) | Who issued the identifier | |
| identifies (P10476) | The thing this identifier identifies | |
| quantity (P1114) | The number of identifiers of this type that exist. It is known that this duplicates the data described by number of records (P4876) however no decision has been made yet as to which property to solely use. |
Properties that do not belong
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| format as a regular expression (P1793) | The format of the value should be described solely on the property right now for consistency. |
标识符的属性
必要属性
| 属性 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| instance of (P31) | 定义外部标识符的类型 | |
| formatter URL (P1630) | web page URL; URI template from which "$1" can be automatically replaced with the effective property value on items. If the site goes offline, set it to deprecated rank. If the formatter url changes, add a new statement with preferred rank |
VIAF ID (P214) --> formatter URL (P1630): https://viaf.org/viaf/$1 |
| source website for the property (P1896) | URL of website acting as source of data for this Wikidata property |
GND ID (P227) --> source website for the property (P1896): https://portal.dnb.de |
| format as a regular expression (P1793) | regex describing an identifier or a Wikidata property. When using on property constraints, ensure syntax is a PCRE |
IMDb ID (P345) --> format as a regular expression (P1793): ev\d{7}\/\d{4}(-\d)?|(ch|co|ev|nm|tt)\d{7} |
| class of non-item property value (P10726) | Class of the value of the external identifier | YouTube video ID (P1651)class of non-item property value (P10726)YouTube video ID (Q110851517) |
与源内容相关的属性
| 属性 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| language of work or name (P407) | 外部ID网站的语言 | Canadian Encyclopedia article ID (P5395) --> language of work or name (P407): English (Q1860), French (Q150) |
| applies to jurisdiction (P1001) | the identifier contains items that are located in/related to the value (country, state, city, region, ....) |
Handbook of Texas ID (P6015) --> applies to jurisdiction (P1001) Texas (Q1439) |
| related property (P1659) | used to indicate another external ID that is similar in scope or topic |
Handbook of Texas ID (P6015) --> related property (P1659): Encyclopedia Virginia ID (P5981) |
| Wikidata usage instructions (P2559) | 描述如何使用一个属性或数据项的文本 | ORCID iD (P496) --> Wikidata usage instructions (P2559): 四段四位数，用英文破折号（"-"）分隔 |
| expected completeness (P2429) | describes whether a property is intended to represent a complete set of real-world items having that property |
Values: |
| URL match pattern (P8966) | A regular expression that is supposed to match on a URL that contains the ID. It should also contain at least one group, that captures the id. | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (P1417) → ^https?:\/\/www\.britannica\.com\/((?:topic|place|event|science|technology|plant|animal|biography|sports|art)(?:\/[^\s\/]+)+)
|
格式化程序属性
| 属性 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| mobile formatter URL (P7250) | web page URL of mobile version; URI template from which "$1" can be automatically replaced with the effective property value on items |
Twitter (X) username (P2002) --> mobile formatter URL (P7250): https://m.twitter.com/$1 |
| third-party formatter URL (P3303) | URI template from which "$1" can be automatically replaced with the effective property value on items; for sites other than the primary issuing body of the identifier concerned |
MusicBrainz artist ID (P434): http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/$1. DOI (P356) 有许多第三方网站, Legal Entity Identifier (P1278) 有一些 |
| search formatter URL (P4354) | web page search URL; URI template from which "$1" can be automatically replaced with the string to be searched for | ORCID iD (P496) --> search formatter URL (P4354): https://orcid.org/orcid-search/quick-search/?searchQuery=$1 |
| formatter URI for RDF resource (P1921) | formatter URL for RDF (semantic) resource: URI template from which "$1" can be automatically replaced with the effective property value on items (it is the URI of the resources, not the URI of the RDF file describing it) | IdRef ID (P269) --> http://www.idref.fr/$1/id; Art & Architecture Thesaurus ID (P1014) --> http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/$1 (而不是 http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/$1 |
文档、用法的属性
映射、关系的属性
| 属性 | 描述 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| equivalent property (P1628) | equivalent property in other ontologies (use property URI) |
IMDb ID (P345) --> http://purl.org/ontology/mo/imdb |
| has characteristic (P1552) | use with component item if property is part of another identifier |
Libraries Australia ID (P409) --> has characteristic (P1552): VIAF component (Q26921380), 限定符: code (P3295): NLA |
| Mix'n'match catalog ID (P2264) | 对应mix'n'match工具中属性的编目ID | Kunstindeks Danmark Artist ID (P1138) --> Mix'n'match catalog ID (P2264): 91 |
Time lags and link consistency
It takes between 12 and 48 hours for the ID links to be operational. formatter URL (P1630) cannot be changed without a consensus of the community, even of the participants in the property proposal.
工具