رواقية (Q48235)

To bring our mind into this state of agreement

living in agreement with nature

٢ مراجع

4. Ethics / 4.1 The Telos / 4.2 Virtue / To bring our mind into this state of agreement and achieve the telos, ... (الإنجليزية)

living in agreement with nature

4. Ethics / 4.3 Indifferents / Recall that the telos is standardly specified as “living in agreement with nature”. (الإنجليزية)

adiaphora ^{الإنجليزية}

indifferent

٢ مراجع

4. Ethics / 4.3 Indifferents / Stoics maintain that such items are neither good nor bad and, thus, “indifferent” (adiaphora / indifferentia) to human happiness. (الإنجليزية)

3. The Third Topos: Ethics / However, Stoic ethics actually attempts to strike a balance between the asceticism of the Cynics and the somewhat elitist views of the Peripatetics. It does so through the introduction of the wholly (controversial) Stoic concept of preferred and dispreferred “indifferents” briefly mentioned at the beginning. (الإنجليزية)

يودايمونيا

eudaimonic life

a life spent practicing the cardinal virtues

١ مراجع

eudaimonic life

2. The First Two Topoi / Stoicism was a practical philosophy, the chief goal of which was to help people live a eudaimonic life, which the Stoics identified with a life spent practicing the cardinal virtues (next section). (الإنجليزية)

oikeiôsis ^{الإنجليزية}

affinity

appropriation

١ مراجع

affinity

appropriation

3. The Third Topos: Ethics / Tightly related to this idea of following (human) nature was the Stoic concept of oikeiôsis, often translated as affinity, or appropriation. (الإنجليزية)

الفضائل الأساسية

four cardinal virtues

١ مراجع

four cardinal virtues

3. The Third Topos: Ethics / The Stoics related these propensities directly to the four cardinal virtues of temperance, courage, justice and practical wisdom. (الإنجليزية)

bear and forbear ^{الإنجليزية}

endure and renounce

endure [what the universe throws your way] and renounce [what the universe does not allow]

١ مراجع

This is a version of what Nietzsche eventually called amor fati (love your fate), and that is encapsulated in Epictetus’ phrase “endure [what the universe throws your way] and renounce [what the universe does not allow]” (Fragments 10). (الإنجليزية)

endure [what the universe throws your way] and renounce [what the universe does not allow]

endure and renounce

وظائف تنفيذية

ruling faculty

executive function of the brain

١ مراجع

executive function of the brain

ruling faculty

قاموس بروكهاوس وإفرون الموسوعي

The Stoics realized that we have automatic responses that are not under our control, and that is why they focused on what is under our control: the judgment rendered on the likely causes of our instinctive reactions, a judgment rendered by what Marcus Aurelius called the ruling faculty (in modern cognitive science terminology: the executive function of the brain). (الإنجليزية)

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Stoa Poikile ^{الإنجليزية}

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قاموس غرانات الموسوعي

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Porch, The

Stoics

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البيان يتعلق بموضوع

Q24476943

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قاموس بروكهاوس وإفرون الموسوعي الصغير

البيان يتعلق بموضوع

Q24751647

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القاموس الحقيقي للآثار الكلاسيكية للوبكر

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الموسوعة البريطانية نسخة سنة 1911

البيان يتعلق بموضوع

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Stoics ^{الإنجليزية}

٠ مرجع

في قائمة تركيز مشروع ويكيميديا

Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 ^{الإنجليزية}

بتاريخ

٣١ أكتوبر 2022

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لديه جزء أو أجزاء

فيزياء

physics (phusikê)

١ مراجع

1.2 Systematicity / Stoic philosophy was, from Zeno onwards, conceived of as comprising three parts: physics (phusikê), logic (logikê), and ethics (êthikê). (الإنجليزية)

علم المنطق

logic (logikê)

١ مراجع

1.2 Systematicity / Stoic philosophy was, from Zeno onwards, conceived of as comprising three parts: physics (phusikê), logic (logikê), and ethics (êthikê). (الإنجليزية)

أخلاقيات

ethics (êthikê)

١ مراجع

1.2 Systematicity / Stoic philosophy was, from Zeno onwards, conceived of as comprising three parts: physics (phusikê), logic (logikê), and ethics (êthikê). (الإنجليزية)

مختلف عن

إبيقوريون

باسم

Epicureans

٢ مراجع

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stoicism

Nature and scope of Stoicism / Its chief competitors in antiquity were: (1) Epicureanism, with its doctrine of a life of withdrawalin contemplation and escape from worldly affairs and its belief thatpleasure, as the absence of pain, is the goal of humans; (الإنجليزية)

وصلة مرجع

Epicureans

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stoicism

... it engaged in vigorous debates with the Skeptics, the Academics, and the Epicureans. (الإنجليزية)

المسيحية

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وصلة مرجع

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stoicism

Its chief competitors in antiquity were: ... (3)Christianity <https://www.britannica.com/>, with its hope of personal salvation <https://www.britannica.com/> provided by an appeal to faith<https://www.britannica.com/> as an immanent aid to human understanding and by the beneficent intervention of a merciful God. (الإنجليزية)

شكوكية

باسم

Skeptics

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وصلة مرجع

Its chief competitors in antiquity were: ... (2) Skepticism<https://www.britannica.com/>, which rejected certain knowledge in favour of local beliefs and customs, in the expectation that those guides would provide the quietude and serenity that the dogmatic philosopher (e.g., the Stoic) could not hope to achieve; ... (الإنجليزية)

Skeptics