Evidence-based medicine, heterogeneity of treatment effects, and the trouble with averages (Q37211743)

19 August 2017

Evidence-based medicine, heterogeneity of treatment effects, and the trouble with averages (English)

1 reference

19 August 2017

evidence-based medicine

1 reference

1 reference

Richard L Kravitz

1

0 references

author name string

Naihua Duan

series ordinal

2

1 reference

PMCID

2690188

19 August 2017

Joel Braslow

series ordinal

3

1 reference

PMCID

2690188

19 August 2017

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

1 January 2004

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

82

1 reference

19 August 2017

661-687

1 reference

19 August 2017

4

1 reference

Individual response to treatment: is it a valid assumption?

19 August 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Should research samples reflect the diversity of the population?

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Preferences of husbands and wives for outcomes of prostate cancer screening and treatment

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Penicillin for acute sore throat in children: randomised, double blind trial

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Pharmacogenomics--drug disposition, drug targets, and side effects

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Inheritance and drug response

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Subgroup analysis, covariate adjustment and baseline comparisons in clinical trial reporting: current practice and problems

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Chemoprevention of breast cancer: recommendations and rationale

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Reporting the recruitment process in clinical trials: who are these patients and how did they get there?

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The placebo effect in alternative medicine: can the performance of a healing ritual have clinical significance?

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Nurse-Staffing Levels and the Quality of Care in Hospitals

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Maximizing the value of medicines by including pharmacogenetic research in drug development and surveillance

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Potential role of pharmacogenomics in reducing adverse drug reactions: a systematic review

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Subgroups, treatment effects, and baseline risks: some lessons from major cardiovascular trials

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Pharmacogenetics and future drug development and delivery

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Clinical and psychosocial predictors of illness duration from randomised controlled trial of prescribing strategies for sore throat

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The new NIH and FDA medical research policies: targeting gender, promoting justice

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Dissemination of effectiveness and outcomes research

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Attributes of clinical guidelines that influence use of guidelines in general practice: observational study

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Applying the results of clinical trials to patients to general practice: perceived problems, strengths, assumptions, and challenges for the future.

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Revascularization in coronary artery disease. A review of randomized trial data

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

ABC of atrial fibrillation. Antithrombotic treatment for atrial fibrillation

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The use of response-adaptive designs in clinical trials

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Influence of adherence to treatment and response of cholesterol on mortality in the coronary drug project

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Do practice guidelines guide practice? The effect of a consensus statement on the practice of physicians

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Words without action? The production, dissemination, and impact of consensus recommendations

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group

9 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The case for cross-over trials in phase III.

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The effect of thiopurine methyltransferase expression on sensitivity to thiopurine drugs

14 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The pharmacogenetics of codeine hypoalgesia.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroups of patients in randomized clinical trials

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Combined single subject trials

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

An evidence based approach to individualising treatment

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Hospital and patient characteristics associated with death after surgery. A study of adverse occurrence and failure to rescue.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Pitfalls of converting practice guidelines into quality measures: lessons learned from a VA performance measure

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Geographic diversity and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Evaluation of ethnic minorities and gender effects in clinical trials: opportunities lost and rediscovered.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Determinants of variable response to statin treatment in patients with refractory familial hypercholesterolemia

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Association between the serotonin 2A receptor gene and tardive dyskinesia in chronic schizophrenia

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk-modelling study. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Application of evidence from randomised controlled trials to general practice.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

3 September 2018

What physicians know.

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Antecedents of adherence to medical recommendations: results from the Medical Outcomes Study

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

The relationship of APOE genotype to neuropsychological performance in long-term cancer survivors treated with standard dose chemotherapy

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=2690188

Randomized and non-randomized patients in clinical trials: experiences with comprehensive cohort studies

4 December 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Can treatment that is helpful on average be harmful to some patients? A study of the conflicting information needs of clinical inquiry and drug regulation

1 reference

12 December 2020

Which patients may be harmed by good treatments?

1 reference

12 December 2020

On wisdom after the event

1 reference

12 December 2020

The Role of a Common Variant of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene in the Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Users' guides to the medical literature: XIV. How to decide on the applicability of clinical trial results to your patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group

1 reference

12 December 2020

Relationship between event rates and treatment effects in clinical site differences within multicenter trials: an example from primary Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Selection bias and treatment heterogeneity in clinical trials

1 reference

12 December 2020

Statistics versus statistical science in the regulatory process

1 reference

12 December 2020

Users' guides to the medical literature: XX. Integrating research evidence with the care of the individual patient. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group

1 reference

12 December 2020

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

1 reference

12 December 2020

Gene expression profile analysis by DNA microarrays: promise and pitfalls

1 reference

12 December 2020

Standardized reporting of clinical practice guidelines: a proposal from the Conference on Guideline Standardization

1 reference

12 December 2020

A randomized trial of propranolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction. I. Mortality results

1 reference

12 December 2020

N of 1 randomized trials for investigating new drugs

1 reference

12 December 2020

Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: an update

1 reference

12 December 2020

An illustrative statistical analysis of cutoff-based randomized clinical trials

1 reference

12 December 2020

Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials

1 reference

12 December 2020

10.1111/J.0887-378X.2004.00327.X

Identifiers

DOI

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

PMCID

2690188