Epidemiologic evidence for multiple sclerosis as an infection (Q24615844)

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Europe PubMed Central

title

Epidemiologic evidence for multiple sclerosis as an infection (English)

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J F Kurtzke

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language of work or name

English

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publication date

October 1993

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published in

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volume

6

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page(s)

382-427

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issue

4

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cites work

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Migration and age at onset of multiple sclerosis: some pitfalls of migrant studies

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Geography in multiple sclerosis

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Declining incidence of multiple sclerosis in the Orkney Islands

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Multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland. An association with HLA-DQw1.

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27 September 2017

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Risk of multiple sclerosis inversely associated with birth order position

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The incidence and prevalence of reported multiple sclerosis

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Geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis: An update with special reference to Europe and the Mediterranean region

30 May 2018

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Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 2. Latitude, climate and the risk of multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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An increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis in western Norway.

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Further considerations on the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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Annual incidence, prevalence, and mortality of multiple sclerosis in white South-African-born and in white immigrants to South Africa

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Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Related to Age at Immigration to Israel

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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A method for estimating the age at immigration of white immigrants to South Africa, with an example of its importance

30 May 2018

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Some epidemiologic features compatible with an infectious origin for multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

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Studies on the natural history of multiple sclerosis: 3. Epidemiologic analysis of the Army experience in World War II

30 May 2018

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On the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis According to Age at Immigration to South Africa

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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A new multiple sclerosis epidemic? A pilot survey

30 May 2018

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Comparative epidemiologic analysis of multiple sclerosis in areas of Central and Southern Europe

30 May 2018

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Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in US veterans: III. Migration and the risk of MS.

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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NK activity and NK-like non-specific cytolysis after PPD, rubella and measles antigen stimulation in multiple sclerosis.

30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

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30 May 2018

1 reference

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Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and viral capsid antigen antibody titers in multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Acute multiple sclerosis exacerbations are characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Suppressor T cell changes in active multiple sclerosis: analysis with three different monoclonal antibodies

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Serum antibodies to HTLV-I in human demyelinating disease

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis in Key West, Florida.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

A case-control study of multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis in Istria, Yugoslavia.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Age of onset in siblings concordant for multiple sclerosis.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Relationship between the degree of individual space-time clustering and age at onset of disease among multiple sclerosis patients.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Incidence of multiple sclerosis in Denmark 1948-1982: a descriptive nationwide study

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: the Iceland model. Onset-adjusted prevalence rate and other methodological considerations

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis linked to myelin basic protein gene

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in the brain by the polymerase chain reaction

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

A reassessment of the distribution of multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Selenium, vitamin E and copper in multiple sclerosis.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

[The occurrence of multiple sclerosis in Southern Lower Saxony: results of a 12-year field study (author's transl)]

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Evidence for lower susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Japanese-Americans

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis and age at migration

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

The risk of multiple sclerosis in Denmark

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: 1. Race, sex, and geographic distribution

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Migration and risk of multiple sclerosis

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis among Orientals and Caucasians in Hawaii: A reappraisal

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Incidence of antibody to HTLV-I is not increased in Japanese MS patients.

30 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Search for HTLV-I and LAV/HTLV-III antibodies in serum and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients.

19 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland.

19 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Greater London

19 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Lead in relation to disseminated sclerosis.

28 July 2018

1 reference

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ON THE TIME OF ONSET IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

FAMILIAL INCIDENCE AND GEOGRAPHY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN WINNIPEG, MANITOBA: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY. TEN YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A COMMUNITY WIDE STUDY, AND POPULATION RE-SURVEY.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Familial and conjugal multiple sclerosis.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Australia.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Correlation of the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis with cosmic-ray intensities

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Observations on the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Northern Scotland.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in U.S. veterans: V. Ancestry and the risk of multiple sclerosis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis in a migrant population: 2. Half-orientals immigrating in childhood

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Increased incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Los Alamos County, New Mexico.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Geographical pattern of death rates from multiple sclerosis in France. An analysis of 4912 deaths.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis in Iceland: 1. Evidence of a postwar epidemic.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Principles and problems in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

HLA antigens in multiple sclerosis in coloured South Africans.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

[Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Brittany].

28 November 2018

1 reference

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Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and Epstein-Barr virus: an association?

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Recovery of Epstein–Barr Virus from Genital Ulcers

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

When is multiple sclerosis acquired?

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

An Epidemiologic Approach to Multiple Sclerosis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Zinc in multiple sclerosis. II: Correlation with disease activity and elevated plasma membrane-bound zinc in erythrocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Phenotypic and functional analysis of T cells cloned directly from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Multiple sclerosis in Cyprus

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=358295

Studies on multiple sclerosis in Winnepeg, Manitoba, and New Orleans, Louisiana. I. Prevalence; comparison between the patient groups in Winnipeg and New Orleans

28 November 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Immunogenetic profile of multiple sclerosis in Mexicans

1 reference

12 December 2020

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in western Poland--a comparison between prevalence rates in 1965 and 1981

1 reference

12 December 2020

Association of class II HLA-DQ beta chain DNA restriction fragments with multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

1 reference

12 December 2020

Mortality in 33 countries from diseases of the nervous system

1 reference

12 December 2020

Italy: a medium- or high-risk area for multiple sclerosis? An epidemiologic study in Barbagia, Sardinia, southern Italy

1 reference

12 December 2020

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND POLIOMYELITIS

1 reference

12 December 2020

MS epidemiology in Faroe Islands

1 reference

12 December 2020

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Queensland, Australia

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis in northern Italy. Prevalence in the province of Ferrara in 1978

1 reference

12 December 2020

Twin studies and multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

TONSILLECTOMY AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

1 reference

12 December 2020

Mortality and migration in multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

An unusual occurrence of multiple sclerosis in a small rural community

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis in the Republic of Ireland

1 reference

12 December 2020

Trace elements in scalp-hair of persons with multiple sclerosis and of normal individuals

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis and human T-cell lymphotropic retroviruses

1 reference

12 December 2020

Sex distribution, age of onset and HLA profiles in two types of multiple sclerosis. A role for sex hormones and microbial infections in the development of autoimmunity?

1 reference

12 December 2020

The frequency of multiple sclerosis in Western Australia

1 reference

12 December 2020

Survey of persons with multiple sclerosis in Ottawa, 1974-75

1 reference

12 December 2020

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis

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12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis: what's in a name?

1 reference

12 December 2020

The incidence of multiple sclerosis in Western Australia

1 reference

12 December 2020

Further features of the Fennoscandian focus of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis: an epidemic disease in the Faeroes

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12 December 2020

Birth order and multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

[Multiple sclerosis in the province of Las Palmas]

1 reference

12 December 2020

Birth order and risk of multiple sclerosis: are they associated and how?

1 reference

12 December 2020

Clustering of residence of multiple sclerosis patients at age 13 to 20 years in Hordaland, Norway

1 reference

12 December 2020

The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis

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12 December 2020

Selective loss of the suppressor-inducer T-cell subset in progressive multiple sclerosis. Analysis with anti-2H4 monoclonal antibody

1 reference

12 December 2020

Unusual occurrence on a tropical island of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

HLA-DR antigens in multiple sclerosis: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Immunoglobulin allotypes and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. An epidemiological and genetic study in the Hautes-Pyrénées county of France

1 reference

12 December 2020

A population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins

1 reference

12 December 2020

Genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. A co-twin study of a nationwide series

1 reference

12 December 2020

Intravenous paraldehyde for seizure control in newborn infants

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12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis among immigrants

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12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis in Rochester, Minn. A 60-year appraisal

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12 December 2020

[Risk factors in multiple sclerosis: epidemiological studies in the Argeş region]

1 reference

12 December 2020

MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding, and CT

1 reference

12 December 2020

Conjugal multiple sclerosis: immunogenetic characterization and analysis of T- and B-cell reactivity to myelin proteins

1 reference

12 December 2020

Measles antibody titers in multiple sclerosis patients and HLA-matched and unmatched siblings

1 reference

12 December 2020

Prevalence of disseminated sclerosis in the Faroes, the Orkneys and Shetland

1 reference

12 December 2020

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Romania

1 reference

12 December 2020

The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis and its estimated prevalence in the United States

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis in Israel. Prevalence among immigrants and native inhabitants

1 reference

12 December 2020

Multiple sclerosis among American, Japanese and Chinese migrants to California and Washington

1 reference

12 December 2020

On the fine structure of the distribution of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis

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12 December 2020

AN APPRAISAL OF POPULATION STUDIES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

1 reference

12 December 2020