Wikidata:WikiProject Performing arts/Data structure
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Existing Data Structures on Wikidata[edit]
See WikiProject Cultural venues for classes/properties for:
- Performing arts venues
See WikiProject Theatre for classes/properties for:
- Play (Literary Work / Composite Work: frbr:Work with elements of frbr:Expression)
- Edition of a play (Literary Work: frbr:Manifestation with elements of frbr:Expression]
- Theatrical production (Performance Work: Performing Arts Production, corresponds to frbr:Manifestation)
- A specific representation (Performance Work: Performance, corresponds to frbr:Item)
- Awards
- Other (Theaterlexikon Schweiz Online ID)
Comment: Review the classes/properties in the light of relevant data models / ontologies and add them here.
Adaptation/Mapping of the Swiss Performing Arts Data Model to Wikidata[edit]
Further data modelling approaches have been described in the context of concrete data ingests, see for example:
- Wikidata:WikiProject Performing arts/Data sources/CH
- Wikidata:WikiProject_Performing_arts/Data sources/Carnegie Hall
Data modelling issues that have been encountered in the course of these ingests are being documented on the following page:
Existing Data Models / Ontologies outside Wikidata[edit]
| Data Model | Publisher | Version/URL | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) | International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) | Final Report (amended as of 2009) | FRBR is not an actual standard, but a study report regarding the functional requirements for bibliographic records. These requirements are generally used as a basis for the development of library cataloguing standards. The FRBR study report comes along with a data model for bibliographic metadata. |
| schema.org | Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Yandex | schema.org (current release: 3.4, 15.06.2018) | Schema.org is a collaborative community activity with a mission to "create, maintain, and promote schemas for structured data on the Internet, on web pages, in email messages, and beyond". It has been initiated by the providers of the major Internet search engines in order to facilitate retrieval of information thanks to structured data embedded in web pages. Amongst many other things, the data model covers classes relevant to the performing arts, such as CreativeWork, TheatreEvent, DanceEvent, MusicEvent, Festival, Person, Organization, etc. |
| Music Ontology | - | Latest version (Revision 2.15, 22 July 2013) | The Music Ontology Specification provides main concepts and properties fo describing music (i.e. artists, albums and tracks) on the Semantic Web. Note that the core entities of the MusicBrainz data model have been mapped to the Music Ontology. |
| FRBR – object-oriented (FRBRoo) | International Working Group on FRBR and CIDOC CRM Harmonisation | Version 2.4 (November 2015), (all releases) | FRBRoo is an object-oriented definition and mapping from FRBR, FRAD and FRSAD. FRBRoo complements FRBR by defining additional classes, including classes that are highly relevant in the performing arts context, such as F20 Performance Work, F25 Performance Plan, or F31 Performance. Unlike FRBR it thus allows to model the double work structure typical for the performing arts domain (cf. Doerr et al. 2008). |
| DOREMUS Data Model | DOREMUS Consortium | Version 1.2 (23.12.2015) (online documentation; training materials) | Extension of FRBRoo for the representation of musical works and events. |
| European Collected Library of Artistic Performance, Performing Arts Vocabulary (ECLAP) | DISIT Lab, University of Florence, Italy | Version 1.0 | The ECLAP vocabulary has been created in connection with the platform of the same name that is used as a content aggregator for Europeana covering the performing arts domain. It defines classes and properties used for the description of multimedia content, with a main focus on describing media objects, the modelling of the users of the platform and its content, as well as on the annotation of media objects. |
| AusStage Data Models | AusStage | Website (accessed on 9 Sept. 2017) | Data model used for the AusStage database, covering works, events, contributors, organisations, venues, and resources. |
| Pina Bausch Archive Ontology | - | unpublished? (see Thull et al. 2015 for a summary description) | Ontology used in the context of the Pina Bausch Archiv. |
| Carnegie Hall Data Model | Carnegie Hall | Version June 2017 | Data Model used by the archives of Carnegie Hall to publish their events data as Linked Open Data. The data covers all sorts of events that took place at Carnegie Hall, including theatre and dance performances, concerts, circus performances, political meetings, etc. |
| Data Model for the Swiss Performing Arts Platform | Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts / Bern University of Applied Sciences | Draft Version 0.51 (September 2017) | Data model used by the Swiss Theatre Collection and the Swiss Dance Archive in view of the development of and migration to their new data platform. |
| Performed Music Ontology | Stanford University, Metadata Department | Undated Version
(retrieved in August 2019) |
An extension of the BIBFRAME ontology for describing performed music, both for mainstream and archival performed music collections. |
| Conceptual Model for Linked Data in the Performing Arts | Canadian Arts Presenting Association (CAPACOA) | Draft Version 0.5 (December 2019) | Data model (and formal ontology) used in the context of CAPACOA's Linked Digital Future Initiative. It is largely based on the Data Model for the Swiss Performing Arts Platform and contains references to Wikidata classes and properties as well as to common RDF ontologies, such as schema.org, RDA, etc. Along with the conceptual model, an inventory of controlled vocabularies and typologies is also available. |
Data Structures[edit]
Properties for Persons[edit]
General[edit]
The following table is inspired by the data structures in the following WikiProjects and templates:
- Wikidata:WikiProject Theatre/Properties#People
- Wikidata:WikiProject Music
- Template:Person properties
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| instance of | P31 | Item | instance of: that class of which this subject is a particular example and member | Ben Whishaw <instance of> human | - |
| family name | P734 | Item | family name and by surname: part of full name of person | André Laliberté <family name> Laliberté | - |
| given name | P735 | Item | given name: first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property shouldn't link disambiguations nor family names. | André Laliberté <given name> André | - |
| pseudonym | P742 | String | pseudonym: alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449) | Rose Ouellette <pseudonym> La Poune | - |
| image | P18 | Commons media file | illustration and image: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, use more specific properties (sample: coat of arms image, locator map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) | Rose Ouellette <image> Rose Ouellette.jpg | - |
| date of birth | P569 | Point in time | date of birth: date on which the subject was born | Tomson Highway <date of birth> +1951-12-05T00:00:00Z | - |
| work period (start) | P2031 | Point in time | work period: start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity | Vincent van Gogh <work period (start)> | - |
| floruit | P1317 | Point in time | floruit: date when the person was known to be active or alive, when birth or death not documented | William Baldwin <floruit> | - |
| work period (end) | P2032 | Point in time | work period: end of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity | Vincent van Gogh <work period (end)> | - |
| date of death | P570 | Point in time | date of death: date on which the subject died | Edgar Leopold Layard <date of death> | - |
| sex or gender | P21 | Item | sex, gender and sex or gender: sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, female, non-binary, intersex, transgender female, transgender male, agender. For animal: male organism, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279) | André Laliberté <sex or gender> male | - |
| country of citizenship | P27 | Item | citizenship: the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen | Maiko Yamamoto <country of citizenship> Canada | - |
| occupation | P106 | Item | occupation, profession and by occupation or profession: occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39) | Yo-Yo Ma <occupation> cellist | - |
| work location | P937 | Item | workplace: location where persons were active | Guillaume Côté <work location> Toronto | - |
| nominated for | P1411 | Item | award nomination received by a person, organisation or creative work (inspired from "award received" (Property:P166)) | Alabama Shakes <nominated for> Grammy Award for Best New Artist | nominee |
| award received | P166 | Item | award, honorary citizenship and title of honor: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work | Louise Lecavalier <award received> Governor General's Performing Arts Awards | - |
| voice type | P412 | Item | voice type: person's voice type. expected values: soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass (and derivatives) | Luciano Pavarotti <voice type> tenor | - |
| employer | P108 | Item | employer: person or organization for which the subject works or worked | Albert Verlinde <employer> Stage Entertainment Germany | - |
| member of | P463 | Item | member: organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs. Do not use for membership in ethnic or social groups, nor for holding a position such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that). | John Lennon <member of> The Beatles | - |
| influenced by | P737 | Item | contributing factor: this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle” | Shakira <influenced by> Andean music | - |
| student of | P1066 | Item | teacher: person who has taught this person | Cecilia Clare Bocard <student of> Moissaye Boguslawski | student |
| participant in | P1344 | Item | event: event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923 | Željko Joksimović <participant in> Eurovision Song Contest 2012 | participant |
| affiliation | P1416 | Item | affiliation: organization that a person or organization is affiliated with (not necessarily member of or employed by) | Martina McBride <affiliation> Broadcast Music, Inc. | - |
| notable work | P800 | Item | work and magnum opus: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works | André Laliberté <notable work> Les grandes vacances | - |
| list of works | P1455 | Item | bibliography, thematic catalog, catalogue of classical compositions and catalog of works: link to the article with the works of a person; use P358 for discographies | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart <list of works> list of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | - |
| archives at | P485 | Item | archives: the institution holding the subject's archives | Johann Sebastian Bach <archives at> Bach-Archiv Leipzig | - |
| ISNI | P213 | External identifier | International Standard Name Identifier: International Standard Name Identifier for an identity. Format: 4 blocks of 4 digits separated by a space, first block is 0000 | Norway <ISNI> 0000 0001 2197 5163 | - |
| VIAF ID | P214 | External identifier | VIAF ID: identifier for the Virtual International Authority File database [format: up to 22 digits] | Stan Lauryssens <VIAF ID> 120062731 | - |
| GND ID | P227 | External identifier | GND ID: identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations (please don't use type n = name, disambiguation) - Deutsche Nationalbibliothek | universe <GND ID> 4079154-3 | - |
Notes on properties for persons[edit]
- image (P18), sex or gender (P21), country of citizenship (P27), occupation (P106), and date of birth (P569) are particularly important properties. They can help disambiguate homonym persons. They are also basic information frequently displayed in Wikipedia infoboxes and in search engines' knowledge cards.
- If, for privacy matters, the full date of birth (P569) cannot be stated, then it is possible to only state the year of birth.
- If the date of birth (P569) and/or the date of death (P570) are unknown (e.g. for historical persons), the properties work period (start) (P2031), floruit (P1317), and/or work period (end) (P2032) may be used instead.
- The family name should be provided as a separate family name (P734) statement (in addition to [First Name(s)] [Last Name(s)] in the label). This facilitates the alphabetical sorting of person items in lists.
- Occupations, positions and roles are distinct work-related concepts, which can easily be confused:
- Occupations denote the kind of work usually performed by a person; and they are defined according to skills and education required for that work (see below);
- Positions denote an employment relationship or other contractual relationship between a person and an organization (see below);
- Roles denote contributions of persons to performing arts endeavours (works/productions or events). Roles should be stated in the item of the performing arts endeavour.
- Only the main occupation(s) (i.e., the kind of work a person is most notable for) need to be stated. One occupation can be enough.
- Whenever a performing arts specific occupation can be used for a given person, the subclass should be preferred over the superclass. For example, stage actor (Q2259451) should be preferred over actor (Q33999).
- A list of common occupations is provided under the Typologies tab.
- Employment positions should be stated with the employer (P108) property.
- employer (P108) statements should be qualified with a start (and end) time.
- The type of position held within the organization may be denoted with a position held (P39) qualifier. Notable (i.e. leadership) position values within performing arts organizations include: artistic director (Q1797162), music director (Q1198887), general manager (Q1210069).
- External identifiers are a very potent aspect of Wikidata. By linking an item to external identifiers, more information and content about that item can be discovered by humans and machines alike. There are many more external identifiers beyond those listed above. Social media accounts are also a type of external identifiers.
- More properties for persons can be found in the Template:Person properties.
Properties for Performing Arts Organizations[edit]
General[edit]
The following tables are inspired by the data structure of heritage institutions. Wikidata:WikiProject Heritage institutions/Data structure
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| instance of | P31 | Item | instance of: that class of which this subject is a particular example and member | Konzert Theater Bern <instance of> organization | - |
| country | P17 | Item | country: sovereign state of this item (not to be used for human beings) | National Arts Centre <country> Canada | - |
| official name | P1448 | Monolingual text | official name: official name of the subject in its official language(s) | Edmonton Jazz Society <official name> "THE EDMONTON JAZZ SOCIETY (1973)" | - |
| parent organization | P749 | Item | parent company: parent organization of an organization, opposite of subsidiaries (P355) | Landeshauptstadt München <parent organization> Munich Kammerspiele | subsidiary |
| business division | P199 | Item | division: organizational divisions of this organization (which are not independent legal entities) | National Arts Centre <business division> NAC Indigenous Theatre | - |
| part of | P361 | Item | part: object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is already part of object A which is a part of object B, then please only make the subject part of object A). Inverse property of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)). | NAC Indigenous Theatre <part of> National Arts Centre | has part |
| has part | P527 | Item | has part, consist of and meronymy: part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670). | Konzert Theater Bern <has part> Bern Symphony Orchestra | part of |
| legal form | P1454 | Item | legal form: legal form of an entity | Konzert Theater Bern <legal form> foundation | - |
| field of work | P101 | Item | field of work: specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation | Konzert Theater Bern <field of work> performing arts | - |
| inception | P571 | Point in time | date of establishment: date or point in time when the subject came into existence as defined | Konzert Theater Bern <inception> 2011 | - |
| founded by | P112 | Item | organizational founder and founder of: founder or co-founder of this organization, religion or place | Théâtre de l'Œil <founded by> André Laliberté | - |
| item operated | P121 | Item | tool: equipment, installation or service operated by the subject | Palais Montcalm - Maison de la musique <item operated> Palais Montcalm | operator |
Personnel[edit]
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| director / manager | P1037 | Item | person who manages any kind of group | Konzert Theater Bern <director / manager> Anton Stocker | - |
| artistic director | P8938 | Item | artistic director: person responsible for the overall artistic vision of an organization and for its execution | Kaha:wi Dance Theatre <artistic director> Santee Smith | - |
| musical conductor | P3300 | Item | conductor and music director: the person who directs a musical group, orchestra or chorus | Orfeó Català <musical conductor> Simon Halsey | - |
| chairperson | P488 | Item | chairperson, leader and president: presiding member of an organization, group or body | Konzert Theater Bern <chairperson> Nadine Borter | - |
| board member | P3320 | Item | board member: member(s) of the board for the organization | Wikimedia Foundation <board member> Jimmy Wales | - |
Location[edit]
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| country | P17 | Item | country: sovereign state of this item (not to be used for human beings) | Konzert Theater Bern <country> Switzerland | - |
| located in the administrative territorial entity | P131 | Item | administrative territorial entity: the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity. Use P276 (location) for specifying locations that are non-administrative places and for items about events | Konzert Theater Bern <located in the administrative territorial entity> Bern | - |
| located on street | P669 | Item | street: street, road, or square, where the item is located. To add the number, use Property:P670 "street number" as qualifier. Use property P6375 if there is no item for the street | White House <located on street> Pennsylvania Avenue | - |
| street address | P6375 | Monolingual text | street address, address and street: full street address where subject is located. Include building number, city/locality, post code, but not country. Use also P669 if the street has its own separate item | Konzert Theater Bern <street address> Deutsch: c/o KonzertTheaterBern, Nägeligasse 1 | - |
| coordinate location | P625 | Geographic coordinates | geographic coordinate system: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment | Konzert Theater Bern <coordinate location> 46°56'56.7"N 7°26'49.4"E | - |
Communications[edit]
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phone number | P1329 | String | telephone number: telephone number in standard format (RFC3966), without 'tel:' prefix | Louvre Museum <phone number> +33 1 40 20 53 17 | - |
| official website | P856 | URL | official website and home page: URL of the official homepage of an item (current or former) [if the homepage changes, add an additional statement with preferred rank. Do not remove the former URL] | Louvre Museum <official website> http://www.louvre.fr/ | - |
| Twitter username | P2002 | External identifier | Twitter account, Twitter and Twitter username: this item's username on Twitter; do not include the “@” symbol | Louvre Museum <Twitter username> MuseeLouvre | - |
| Instagram username | P2003 | External identifier | Instagram and Instagram account: item's username on Instagram | Louvre Museum <Instagram username> museelouvre | - |
| Facebook ID | P2013 | External identifier | Facebook page: identifier for an official (preferably) Facebook person, product or organization page (everything that follows URL part 'https://www.facebook.com/') | Louvre Museum <Facebook ID> museedulouvre | - |
| LinkedIn company ID | P4264 | External identifier | LinkedIn: identifier for an official company, school, or organisation page, on LinkedIn | Palais Montcalm - Maison de la musique <LinkedIn company ID> palais-montcalm---maison-de-la-musique | - |
| YouTube channel ID | P2397 | External identifier | YouTube channel: ID of the YouTube channel of a person or organisation (not to be confused with the name of the channel) The ID can also be used for music.youtube.com IDs. | Louvre Museum <YouTube channel ID> UCafm6w_rPndqAtokQy04Jdw | - |
| logo image | P154 | Commons media file | logo: graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products | Opéra de Montréal <logo image> Logo Opéra de Montréal 2.jpg | - |
External Identifiers[edit]
| Title | ID | Data type | Description | Examples | Inverse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIAF ID | P214 | External identifier | VIAF ID: identifier for the Virtual International Authority File database [format: up to 22 digits] | Stan Lauryssens <VIAF ID> 120062731 | - |
| ISNI | P213 | External identifier | International Standard Name Identifier: International Standard Name Identifier for an identity. Format: 4 blocks of 4 digits separated by a space, first block is 0000 | Norway <ISNI> 0000 0001 2197 5163 | - |
| GND ID | P227 | External identifier | GND ID: identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations (please don't use type n = name, disambiguation) - Deutsche Nationalbibliothek | universe <GND ID> 4079154-3 | - |
| New Zealand Business Number | P5687 | External identifier | unique identifier for a business entity registered in New Zealand | Cofactor <New Zealand Business Number> 9429046844125 | - |
Notes on properties for organizations[edit]
- instance of (P31) values for performing arts organizations can include:
- A class item stating the primary activity of the organization, such as any of the subclass of (P279) of performing arts group (Q105815710) (see subclasses with Wikidata Graph Builder).
- If the organization is registered charity, the charitable status can be stated with charitable organization (Q708676).
- Make sure that you create separate items for the organization and the venue it operates or the festival it runs.
- The relationship with the venue can be stated with item operated (P121) (and the inverse property operator (P137) in the venue item).
- The relationship with the festival may also be stated with item operated (P121), but the inverse statement in the festival item should be made with organizer (P664).
- official name (P1448) can be used to state the legal name of an organization. Legal name statements should be referenced. Business registers or charities directorates are good references for legal name and other legal information.
- There are different ways of stating parent-child relationships between organizations and sub-organizations:
- parent organization (P749) (and subsidiary (P355)) should be used when the child organization exists as a distinct juridical person from the parent organization.
- business division (P199) should be used when the child organization is not incorporated or registered as a distinct juridical person.
- In doubt, it is also possible to use has part (P527) / part of (P361).
- Statements for personnel properties (for example director / manager (P1037) or artistic director (P8938) should be accompanied with time qualifiers: start time (P580) and end time (P582) (if applicable).
- A social media identifier can only be stated in a single Wikidata item. If an organization uses the same social media account for the organization itself and the venue it operates (or the festival it runs), the social media account will have to be stated in one item or the other (not both). The same constraint applies to an official website URL.
- In the Identifiers section, it is a good practice to state the national business or enterprise number for the organization (for example, New Zealand Business Number (P5687), Swiss Enterprise Identification Number (P4829) or Canada Business Number (P8860)).
Mapping Infobox Templates[edit]
The following table presents a possible solution of an automated Infobox for organziation in performing arts. Main goal is to define the wikidata properties, which are mostly relevant. Furthermore multiple language should be covered.
German:
Vorlage:Infobox Organisation
English:
Infobox Template non-profit organisation
French:
Modèle:Infobox Association
| Wikidata Property | en for non-profit organisation | de | fr |
|---|---|---|---|
| - | name | Name | Nom |
| - | Formerly called | - | - |
| short name (P1813) | - | Abkürzung | - |
| logo image (P154) | - | Logo | Logo |
| - | - | - | Légende du logo |
| - | - | - | Taille du logo |
| legal form (P1454) | - | Rechtsform | - |
| - | Type | - | Type d'association |
| - | Tax ID No. | - | - |
| - | Registration No. | - | - |
| ZVR-Number (P6279) | - | ZVR-Zahl | - |
| inception (P571) | Founded | Gründungsdatum | Date de fondation |
| location of formation (P740) | - | Gründungsort | - |
| founded by (P112) | Founder | Gründer | Fondateur/Fondatrice |
| headquarters location (P159) | Headquarters | Sitz | Siège |
| - | - | - | Structure |
| coordinate location (P625) | Coordinates | - | - |
| - | - | Breitengrad | - |
| - | - | Längengrad | - |
| - | Origins | - | Origine |
| - | - | - | Scission de |
| - | - | - | Fusion de |
| - | - | - | Fusionne dans |
| - | - | ISO-Region | - |
| - | - | Geschäftsstelle | - |
| - | Product(s) | - | - |
| - | Services | - | - |
| motto text (P1451) | Mission | - | - |
| - | Method | - | Méthode |
| funding scheme (P6195) | - | - | Financement |
| - | - | - | Fonds de dotation |
| - | - | Vorläufer | - |
| replaced by (P1366) | - | Nachfolger | - |
| dissolved, abolished or demolished date (P576) | Dissolved | Auflösungsdatum | Date de dissolution |
| motto (P1546) | motto | Motto | Slogan |
| objective of project or action (P3712) | - | Zweck | But |
| - | - | Aktionsraum | Zone d'influence |
| chief executive officer (P169) | - | Vorsitz | Président/Présidente |
| - | - | - | Vice-président/Vice-présidente |
| - | - | - | Secrétaire général/Secrétaire générale |
| - | - | - | Délégué Général/Déléguée Générale |
| - | - | - | Trésorier |
| director / manager (P1037) | - | Geschäftsführung | Directeur général |
| - | Key people | Personen | Personnage(s) clef(s) |
| owned by (P127) | Owner | Eigentümer | - |
| total revenue (P2139) | Revenue | Umsatz | - |
| endowment (P6589) | Endowment | Stiftungskapital | - |
| employees (P1128) | Employees | Mitarbeiterzahl | Nombre de salariés |
| number of volunteers (P6125) | Volunteers | Freiwilligenzahl | Nombre de volontaires/ nombre de bénévoles |
| member count (P2124) | Members | Mitgliederzahl | Nombre de membres |
| - | - | - | Représentativité |
| - | Subsidiaries | - | - |
| official website (P856) | Homepage | Website | Site |
| - | Footnotes | Fußnoten | Notes |
| - | Focus | Schwerpunkt | - |
Please feel free to add another column to the table for further languages. Where a (-) is marked, there is no value available at this moment.
Relevant Literature[edit]
- Allison-Cassin, S. (2016). A Scenes Approach to Metadata Models for Music. Journal of Library Metadata, 16(3-4), 181-201. (free eprint from Journal)
- Bellini, P., & Nesi, P. (2015). Modeling performing arts metadata and relationships in content service for institutions. Multimedia Systems, 21(5), 427-449.
- Doerr, M., Bekiari, C., LeBoeuf, P., & nationale de France, B. (2008). FRBRoo, a conceptual model for performing arts. In 2008 Annual Conference of CIDOC, Athens (pp. 15-18).
- Doty, C. (2013). The difficulty of an ontology of live performance. InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 9(1).
- Riva, P., Doerr, M., & Zumer, M. (2008). FRBRoo: enabling a common view of information from memory institutions. In World Library and Information Congress: 74th IFLA General Confrence and Council.
- Thull, B., Diwisch, K., Marz V. (2015). Linked Data im digitalen Tanzarchiv der Pina Bausch Foundation. In: B. Ege et al. (Hrsg.), Corporate Semantic Web, X.media.press, Springer-Verlag, pp. 259-275.
- Wolterstorff, N. (1975). Toward an ontology of art works. Nous, 1975, S. 115-142.