Virtual hypoxia and chronic necrosis of demyelinated axons in multiple sclerosis (Q37398059)

20 August 2017

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title

Virtual hypoxia and chronic necrosis of demyelinated axons in multiple sclerosis (English)

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20 August 2017

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Bruce D Trapp

1

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PubMed ID

19233038

20 August 2017

Peter K Stys

series ordinal

2

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PubMed ID

19233038

20 August 2017

language of work or name

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1 March 2009

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20 August 2017

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20 August 2017

8

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20 August 2017

280-291

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20 August 2017

3

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

20 August 2017

1 reference

7 January 2021

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis.

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7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis: an immune or neurodegenerative disorder?

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7 January 2021

Paving the axonal highway: from stem cells to myelin repair

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7 January 2021

Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis. A historical note.

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7 January 2021

Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis

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7 January 2021

Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study

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7 January 2021

Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques

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7 January 2021

Axonal loss in normal-appearing white matter in a patient with acute MS.

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7 January 2021

Use of the brain parenchymal fraction to measure whole brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS. Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group

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7 January 2021

A longitudinal study of brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group (MSCRG).

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7 January 2021

Use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for monitoring disease progression in multiple sclerosis.

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7 January 2021

Assessment of lesion pathology in multiple sclerosis using quantitative MRI morphometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients

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7 January 2021

Axonal swellings and degeneration in mice lacking the major proteolipid of myelin.

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Myelin-associated glycoprotein is a myelin signal that modulates the caliber of myelinated axons.

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurologic disability

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal pathology in myelin disorders

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Evidence for adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex with axonal injury from multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Evidence for axonal pathology and adaptive cortical reorganization in patients at presentation with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Cortical motor reorganization after a single clinical attack of multiple sclerosis.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Potentially adaptive functional changes in cognitive processing for patients with multiple sclerosis and their acute modulation by rivastigmine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axon-glial signaling and the glial support of axon function

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a comparative quantitative study of axonal injury in active, inactive, and remyelinated lesions

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Sodium-mediated axonal degeneration in inflammatory demyelinating disease.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Molecular changes in neurons in multiple sclerosis: altered axonal expression of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 sodium channels and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis: is it time for neuroprotective strategies?

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Imaging correlates of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Sodium channel expression within chronic multiple sclerosis plaques

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Intracellular concentrations of major ions in rat myelinated axons and glia: calculations based on electron probe X-ray microanalyses

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Depolarization-induced Ca2+ release in ischemic spinal cord white matter involves L-type Ca2+ channel activation of ryanodine receptors

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Voltage-gated calcium channels in CNS white matter: role in anoxic injury

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Complex interplay between glutamate receptors and intracellular Ca2+ stores during ischaemia in rat spinal cord white matter.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Protein serine/threonine phosphatase 1 and 2A associate with and dephosphorylate neurofilaments.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis. Correlation with demyelination and inflammation

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Calpain-dependent neurofilament breakdown in anoxic and ischemic rat central axons.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

A putative mechanism of demyelination in multiple sclerosis by a proteolytic enzyme, calpain

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

The pathobiology of traumatically induced axonal injury in animals and humans: a review of current thoughts

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia in the rat.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Sodium channels and multiple sclerosis: roles in symptom production, damage and therapy.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Noninactivating, tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ conductance in rat optic nerve axons.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Na+ currents that fail to inactivate

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Induction of nitric oxide synthase in demyelinating regions of multiple sclerosis brains

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Nitric oxide donors reversibly block axonal conduction: demyelinated axons are especially susceptible.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Electrically active axons degenerate when exposed to nitric oxide

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Blockers of sodium and calcium entry protect axons from nitric oxide-mediated degeneration

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Ions, energy and axonal injury: towards a molecular neurology of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

The link between excitotoxic oligodendroglial death and demyelinating diseases

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis: a two-stage disease

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Hypoxia-like tissue injury as a component of multiple sclerosis lesions

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: a novel mechanism of glutamate release.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes: gap junction "hemichannels", purinergic receptors and exocytotic release.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Vesicular release of glutamate from unmyelinated axons in white matter

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Novel injury mechanism in anoxia and trauma of spinal cord white matter: glutamate release via reverse Na+-dependent glutamate transport.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Excitotoxic mechanisms of ischemic injury in myelinated white matter.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

NMDA receptors are expressed in oligodendrocytes and activated in ischaemia.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

NMDA receptors are expressed in developing oligodendrocyte processes and mediate injury.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Evidence of elevated glutamate in multiple sclerosis using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

TE-averaged two-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging of glutamate at 3 T.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Glutamate-mediated glial injury: mechanisms and clinical importance

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Resistance of human adult oligodendrocytes to AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated glutamate injury.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Ampa/kainate receptor activation mediates hypoxic oligodendrocyte death and axonal injury in cerebral white matter.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Mechanisms of ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity in isolated spinal cord white matter

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Autoimmune encephalomyelitis ameliorated by AMPA antagonists

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis and glutamate

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

The chemical biology of clinically tolerated NMDA receptor antagonists

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https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Memantine abrogates neurological deficits, but not CNS inflammation, in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Gray matter atrophy is related to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Imaging correlates of axonal swelling in chronic multiple sclerosis brains.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Homogeneity of active demyelinating lesions in established multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Anti-inflammatory strategies to prevent axonal injury in multiple sclerosis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis, natalizumab therapy, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

1 reference

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7 January 2021

Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation fails to stop demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Functional analysis of the mouse Scn8a sodium channel.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Common molecular determinants of local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic, and anticonvulsant block of voltage-gated Na+ channels

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Tertiary and quaternary local anesthetics protect CNS white matter from anoxic injury at concentrations that do not block excitability.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Real-time measurement of free Ca2+ changes in CNS myelin by two-photon microscopy.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Phenytoin protects spinal cord axons and preserves axonal conduction and neurological function in a model of neuroinflammation in vivo

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after withdrawal of phenytoin and carbamazepine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Axonal protection achieved in a model of multiple sclerosis using lamotrigine

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Glutamate metabolism is down-regulated in astrocytes during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Multiple sclerosis: altered glutamate homeostasis in lesions correlates with oligodendrocyte and axonal damage

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Role of NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in traumatic spinal cord axonal injury

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Delayed antagonism of AMPA/kainate receptors reduces long-term functional deficits resulting from spinal cord trauma

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Prevention of axonal injury using calpain inhibitor in chronic progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Calpain inhibitors confer biochemical, but not electrophysiological, protection against anoxia in rat optic nerves.

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

Passive immunization with anti-ganglioside antibodies directly inhibits axon regeneration in an animal model

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2809%2970043-2

7 January 2021

10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70043-2

Identifiers

DOI

1 reference

20 August 2017

1 reference

PubMed ID

19233038